CHEMISTRY

Ammonium salts are prepared by dissolving ammonia in the appropriate acid or neutralising aqueous ammonia with the appropriate acid. The ammonium salts are then separated out of the solution by ...

Oxides are binary compounds formed when elements combine with oxygen. Binary compounds are compounds containing two elements only. Oxides are classified into several groups, namely, acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric ...

Iodine was discovered in 1812 by Courtois. Iodides occur in minute quantities in sea water. They are also found as organic compounds in some sea weeds and as deposits of ...

Graphite exists as black, slippery, hexagonal crystals. The carbon atoms in graphite, form flat layers, and are joined together by strong covalent bonds. These layers are arranged in parallel, one ...

Carbon occurs naturally as diamond and graphite. It also occurs in an impure form as coal and in the combined state as carbon (IV) oxide, natural gas, petroleum and wood ...

Diamond is the purest form of naturally occuring carbon. It is found as colourless, lustreless solids which can be transformed into brilliant gems. It consists of an array of bonded ...

Ozone is an unstable triatomic molecule of oxygen. In 1866, J. Soret, demonstrated that ozone was an allotrope of oxygen. Ozone is formed from atmospheric oxygen by lightning flashes. Small ...

Octane number (octane rating) is a measure of the performance of petrol in the engine and the rating depends on the percentage composition of branched chain (iso-octane) to straight chain ...

CRACKING Cracking is the process of further treatment of crude oil fractions in which bigger hydrocarbon fractions are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon fractions. It consists of heating the hydrocarbons ...

Science interprets nature in terms of energy and matter. Matter, the material of which the universe is composed, may be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Mass ...