A PATIENT PRESENTS WITH A TESTICULAR MASS. YOU CARRY OUT A FULL CLINICAL EXAMINATION, CARRY OUT SOME BLOOD TESTS AND ARRANGE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS. WHICH BLOOD TESTS WOULD BE PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN HELPING YOU MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS
A. CA-125 B. Cytogenetics C. Lactate dehydrogenase, α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotrophin ✓ D. Carcinoembryonic antigen To make an accurate diagnosis for a patient presenting with a testicular mass, several blood tests can be particularly useful. These tests help…
A 38-YEAR-OLD MAN PRESENTS WITH A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 170/100 IN THE RIGHT ARM, AND WEAK LEG PULSES, BUT NO RADIOFEMORAL DELAY. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE
A. Aortic coarctation is excluded by the absence of radiofemoral delay. B. Aortic coarctation remains highly likely ✓ C. A cardiac ultrasound will diagnosis or exclude aortic coarctation reliably. D. A normal ECG excludes the diagnosis. E. Aortic angiography is…
BEFORE COMMENCING A PATIENT ON METFORMIN, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD NOT BE A CRUCIAL CONSIDERATION
A. Hepatic impairment B. Alcohol intake C. Renal failure D. Cardiac failure E. Risk of hypoglycaemia ✓ The risk of hypoglycemia would NOT be a crucial consideration before commencing a patient on metformin. When starting a patient on metformin, crucial considerations…
POLYURIA MAY BE CAUSED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
A. Increased antidiuretic hormone secretion B. Lithium toxicity ✓ C. Reduced serum sodium concentration D. Hypocalcaemia E. Hypoglycaemia Polyuria, which refers to excessive urination and the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, can be caused by various…
THE RETINOBLASTOMA GENE IS A TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE. WHAT CELLULAR PATHWAY IS THE RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN INVOLVED IN
A. Apoptosis B. Controlling the cell cycle ✓ C. Angiogenesis D. Immunity The retinoblastoma gene, also known as the RB1 gene, is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in controlling the cell cycle. The retinoblastoma protein…
IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS
A. Underactive B. Overactive ✓ C. Inactive D. None of the above Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in various parts of the body. This overactivity of the immune…
FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS ARE ENTRENCHED IN CONSTITUTIONS PURPOSELY TO
A. ensure freedom of speech B. guarantee the liberty of citizens ✓ C. promote good governance D. promote trade The purpose of entrenching Fundamental Human Rights in constitutions is to guarantee the liberty of citizens. This means that every individual has…
THE SET OF ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS THAT DETERMINE THE BEHAVIOUR OF CITIZENS IN A POLITICAL SYSTEM IS CALLED
A. socialization B. political culture ✓ C. representative government D. devolution Political culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, and practices that influence how individuals behave within a specific political framework. These attitudes and beliefs shape various aspects of citizen engagement, such as…
POETRY IS WRITTEN IN
A. chapters B. paragraphs C. scenes D. lines ✓ Poetry is a form of literary expression that uses concise and evocative language to convey emotions, ideas, and experiences. One of the defining features of poetry is its use of lines, which are…
CONFLICT IN A LITERARY WORK BEGINS TO UNFOLD WITH
A. climax ✓ B. episode C. exposition D. resolution In literature, conflict is a key element that drives the plot forward and engages the audience. The conflict in a literary work typically begins to unfold with the climax. The climax is the turning…
WHY IS THERE INCREASED EXCRETION OF CALCIUM IN THE CASE OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. In cases of hyperparathyroidism, there is increased excretion…
THE MOST SERIOUS TYPE OF SKIN CANCER IS
A. Basal cell carcinoma B. Melanoma ✓ C. Sarcoma D. Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin, which gives skin its color. It is considered the most serious type…
MUTATIONS IN BRCA2
A. Act as protective genes in reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer B. Are irrelevant in prostate cancer C. Increase the risk of developing prostate cancer ✓ D. Cause the prostate gland to shrink BRCA2 is a tumor…
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY REASON FOR ADMINISTERING MORPHINE TO A CLIENT WITH A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
A. To sedate the person B. To decrease the person’s anxiety C. To decrease oxygen demand on the person’s heart ✓ D. To decrease the person’s pain Administering morphine to a client with a myocardial infarction (MI) primarily aims…
AS CARTILAGE DETERIORATES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS, BONE SPURS CAN DEVELOP AND GROW NEAR THE END OF THE BONE IN THE AFFECTED JOINT. BONE SPURS ARE ALSO CALLED
A. Osteomyelitis B. Osteopenia C. Osteoporosis D. Osteophytes ✓ Osteophytes, commonly known as bone spurs, are bony projections that form along joint margins in response to cartilage degeneration and other joint changes associated with osteoarthritis. These bone spurs can…
A HEAT SENSITIVE RESISTOR MADE OF A SEMICONDUCTOR IS CALLED
A. thermometer B. thermostat C. thermistor ✓ D. thermopile Thermistors are electronic components that exhibit a large change in resistance with a small change in temperature. They are commonly used in various applications such as temperature sensing, temperature compensation,…
THE REASON FOR LAMINATING THE SOFT IRON CORE OF A TRANSFORMER IS TO
A. reduce eddy current ✓ B. reduce magnetic flux C. increase the magnetic flux D. reduce its efficiency The reason for laminating the soft iron core of a transformer is to reduce eddy currents. Laminating the core involves insulating…
TAWAFUL WADAI MEANS
A. visiting the prophet’s grave B. farewell circumambulation ✓ C. Tawaf al-Ifadan D. visitation to the orphans in Makkah Tawaful Wadai refers to the “Farewell Circumambulation” or “Tawaf Al-Wida” in Islam. It is the final act of worship performed by pilgrims who…
IN WHICH SURAH IS MAKING SHOW IN WORSHIP CONDEMNED
A. Suratul Fil B. Kafirun C. Lahab D. Ma’un ✓ In the Islamic faith, making a show in worship is condemned in Surah Al-Ma’un. This Surah is the 107th chapter of the Quran and addresses the importance of sincerity and genuine devotion…
ACCORDING TO PHARAOH’S DREAM, WHAT DID THE SEVEN GAUNT AND THIN COWS THAT CAME OUT OF THE NILE RIVER DO? THEY
A. terrified him in his dream B. fed on the reed grass C. ate all the seven ears of grains D. ate up the seven sleek and fat cows ✓ According to Pharaoh’s dream, the seven gaunt and thin cows that came…
ON THE FIFTH DAY, THE MANIFESTATION OF THE POWER OF GOD’S WORD WAS EVIDENT IN THE CREATION OF THE
A. earth B. moon and stars C. fishes and birds ✓ D. vegetation On the fifth day, the manifestation of the power of God’s word was evident in the creation of fishes and birds. According to Genesis 1:20–23, on this day, God spoke…
WHAT IS THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode proteins responsible for presenting antigens to the immune system. These proteins are crucial for the recognition of self and non-self cells, playing a key role in immune responses,…
HOW ARE ORGANS PRESERVED ONCE REMOVED FROM THE DONOR
Organs are preserved once removed from the donor through a process called organ preservation. This process is crucial to maintain the viability and functionality of the organs before they are transplanted into the recipient’s body. There are several methods used…
PHACOEMULSIFICATION IS
A. A complication of cataract surgery B. The most common cause of cataract C. The most common type of cataract surgery ✓ D. An infection Phacoemulsification is a modern surgical technique used in ophthalmology for cataract removal. It involves the use of ultrasound…
IN POSTOPERATIVE CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT THE PERSON SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO
A. Reduce mobility B. Drink 3 L of fluid as soon as possible C. Splint the incision when coughing and moving ✓ D. Close the eyes when coughing In postoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery, it is essential for…
WHEN THE SPLEEN IS PERFORMING POORLY THIS IS KNOWN AS
A. Splenomegaly B. Hepatomegaly C. Hyposplenism ✓ D. Hypersplenism Hyposplenism refers to a condition where the spleen is performing poorly or inadequately. It is characterized by reduced or impaired splenic function, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to…
SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN A REACTION PATHWAY BUT NOT IN THE OVERALL REACTION ARE KNOWN AS
A. Reactants B. Inhibitors C. Products D. Intermediates ✓ In a chemical reaction, species that occur in a reaction pathway but not in the overall reaction are known as intermediates. These intermediates are the transient chemical species that are formed during the reaction…
A MIXTURE CONTAINING TWO SALTS OF DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY CAN BE SEPARATED BY
A. chromatography B. crystallization ✓ C. distillation D. evaporation Crystallization is the most suitable method for separating a mixture containing two salts of different solubility. This technique takes advantage of the varying solubilities of the salts in a solvent. When…
DILUTE TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID DOES NOT PRODUCE HYDROGEN WHEN IT REACTS WITH METALS BECAUSE
A. it reacts with the product B. it is highly corrosive C. there is no visible reaction D. it is a strong oxidizing agent ✓ When dilute trioxonitrate (V) acid, also known as nitric acid, reacts with metals, it…
THE FORMATION OF A BOND BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND A HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM RESULTS IN
A. polarity ✓ B. electrovalent bond C. dipole D. metallic bond When hydrogen forms a bond with a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), it results in polarity. This is because the highly electronegative atom…
ALKENES CAN BE MANUFACTURED BY
A. the combustion of alkanes B. the cracking of hydrocarbons ✓ C. polymerization reactions D. addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils Cracking is a chemical process used in petroleum refining to break down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller…
THE TERM AZOOSPERMIA REFERS TO
A. Inability to produce sperm B. Reduction in the amount of sperm produced C. No sperm produced ✓ D. Defective sperm production Azoospermia is the medical term used when there are no sperm in the ejaculate. In other words,…
IN THE CASE OF A TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX, IN WHICH DIRECTION IS THE TRACHEA DEVIATED
In the case of a tension pneumothorax, the trachea is deviated away from the affected side. This deviation occurs due to the accumulation of air under pressure in the pleural space, causing a shift in the mediastinum and resulting in…
AN ELEMENT OF A VALID CONTRACT IS
A. operation of law B. performance C. breach D. capacity to contract ✓ The element of a valid contract referred to as “capacity to contract” is crucial in ensuring the legality and enforceability of a contract. Capacity to contract refers to the…
THE EXCESS VALUE OF TOTAL ASSETS OVER TOTAL LIABILITIES IS
A. capital owned ✓ B. borrowed capital C. paid-up capital D. paid-up capital The excess value of total assets over total liabilities is known as “capital owned.” This represents the net worth of a business or individual, calculated by subtracting total liabilities…
THE TERM HEMIPARESIS REFERS TO
A. Weakness of the eyelid B. Inability of the patient to use their sense of smell C. Weakness below the level of the chin D. Weakness on one side of the body ✓ Hemiparesis is a condition characterized by…
THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS IS LOCATED
A. At the base of the brain ✓ B. In the spinal column C. Within the dura mater D. Within the pia mater The circle of Willis is located at the base of the brain within the interpeduncular cistern…
AN ELEMENT OF THE MARKETING MIX IS
A. Processes B. Place ✓ C. Packaging D. Production Place, also known as distribution, refers to the process of making a product or service available for consumption or use by the target market. It involves decisions related to the distribution channels, logistics,…
AN ELEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL MARKETING ENVIRONMENT IS
A. Organizational policy B. Company procedures C. Corporate culture D. Economic indices ✓ Economic indices encompass various economic conditions in the external environment, such as inflation rates, unemployment rates, exchange rates, and interest rates. These factors play a crucial role in influencing…
A REDUCTION IN GENERAL PERSONAL INCOME WHICH LEADS TO A CHANGE IN A COMPANY’S PRICING STRATEGY IS AN ELEMENT OF THE
A. Competitive environment B. Political environment C. Economic environment ✓ D. Technological environment A reduction in general personal income that leads to a change in a company’s pricing strategy is an element of the economic environment. The economic environment encompasses factors such…
A PRICING STRATEGY IN WHICH THE BUYER AND SELLER BARGAIN TO REACH AN AGREEMENT ON THE PRICE OF A PRODUCT IS
A. Cost-plus B. Haggling ✓ C. Skimming pricing D. Penetration pricing Haggling is the pricing strategy in which the buyer and seller negotiate to reach an agreement on the price of a product. This method involves a back-and-forth discussion between the two…
WHY DOES HYDROCEPHALUS ALMOST ALWAYS COEXIST WITH A MYELOMENINGOCELE
Hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele are two conditions that are often seen together, especially in infants. Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain’s cavities, leading to increased pressure inside the skull. On the other…
GESTATIONAL HYPERTHYROIDISM REFERS TO
A. Hyperthyroidism that occurs on an annual basis B. Hyperthyroidism occurring as a result of a road traffic collision C. Hyperthyroidism occurring during pregnancy ✓ D. Hyperthyroidism occurring as a result of the menopause Gestational hyperthyroidism refers to the…
THE KEY OBJECTIVE IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT IS TO
A. Extend life B. Improve blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart ✓ C. Improve blood flow and oxygen supply to the lungs D. Relieve pain The key objective in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is to improve blood…
HOW LONG IS THE AVERAGE INGUINAL CANAL
A. 2 cm B. 4 cm ✓ C. 6 cm D. 8 cm E. 10 cm The average length of the inguinal canal in adults is approximately 4 cm. This canal is a passage in the anterior abdominal wall…
WHY MIGHT A PATIENT WITH A FLAIL CHEST BECOME ANOXIC
A patient with a flail chest may become anoxic due to the physiological consequences of this condition. A flail chest occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma, causing instability in the chest wall. This instability…
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY IS ALSO KNOWN AS
A. Constructive surgery B. Keyhole surgery ✓ C. Ablative surgery D. Palliative surgery This type of surgery involves performing surgical procedures through small incisions using specialized instruments and cameras. The goal of minimally invasive surgery is to reduce trauma…
THE STANDARDS THAT ARE CONSIDERED ETHICAL BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR THE SOCIETY ARE KNOWN AS
A. dignity B. rights C. values ✓ D. materialism Values are the standards that individuals or societies consider ethical and important in guiding their behavior and decision-making processes. These values shape beliefs, attitudes, and actions, influencing how people interact with others and…
AN ORGANIZED GROUP THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF THE STATE COULD BE DESCRIBED AS
A. civil defence B. pressure group C. community group D. civil society ✓ An organized group that is independent of the state could be described as “civil society.” Civil society refers to the realm of organized social life that is voluntary, self-generating,…
THE SAYING ”ASK FOR WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR OWN COUNTRY AND NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU” DENOTES THAT
A. The country owes you no obligation as a citizen B. citizens have both constitutional rights and obligation ✓ C. fundamental rights are to be safeguarded by the citizens D. service and reward does not go together The saying “ask not what…