LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
Psychosomatic disorders are physical conditions or illnesses that are thought to have been caused, at least in part, by psychological or emotional factors. In other words, they are disorders that result from the interaction between the mind and body. These…
THE SURPRISING ROLE OF THE CEREBELLUM IN YOUR BRAIN
Introduction The cerebellum is a part of the brain located at the back of the skull, below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It is involved in the coordination and regulation of voluntary movement, posture, and balance. The cerebellum receives…
THE IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN SOLVING FIREARM-RELATED CRIMES
Introduction Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in solving firearm-related crimes. This is because firearms leave distinct marks and evidence that can provide valuable information to investigators about the type of firearm used, the trajectory of the bullet, and other…
A GUIDE TO DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Introduction The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food we eat. The process of digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body, while absorption…
STRESS MANAGEMENT IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction In West African Traditional Religion, religion plays a significant role in stress management. The religion is deeply rooted in the culture and traditions of the people, and it provides a framework for dealing with life’s challenges, including stress. One…
ENERGY CHANGES IN SYSTEMS
Introduction Energy changes can occur in physical and isolated systems, which refer to different types of systems based on their ability to exchange energy with their surroundings. Let’s look at each of these systems in detail. 1) Physical Systems: Physical…
STEROLS IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Introduction Sterols are a class of lipids that have a specific four-ring structure, known as the steroid nucleus. They are important components of cell membranes and play crucial roles in various biological processes such as hormone synthesis, cell signaling, and…
BONDING IN COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
Introduction In chemistry, a complex compound is a molecule consisting of a central metal ion or atom, typically a transition metal, and a surrounding array of other molecules or ions known as ligands. The interaction between the metal ion and…
HYDROGEN IN CHEMISTRY
Introduction Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of its elemental mass. Hydrogen is a nonmetal and is placed in…
LIPOPROTEINS IN BLOOD
Introduction Lipoproteins are complex molecules made up of lipids (fats) and proteins. They are responsible for transporting lipids through the bloodstream, which is important for providing energy to cells and for the synthesis of hormones and other molecules. There are…
RETINOIDS ROLE IN DIFFERENTIATION
Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A that play a critical role in regulating cellular differentiation, growth, and proliferation. They exert their effects by binding to and activating specific nuclear receptors known as retinoic…
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO TIME IN PHYSICS
Introduction In physics, time is generally understood as an interval between physical events. This interval is often measured in seconds or other units of time. According to this concept, time is considered to be a fundamental dimension of the universe,…
SIMPLE GUIDANCE FOR YOU IN NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s First Law Newton’s First Law, also known as the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line,…
ENERGY IN PHYSICS
Energy is defined as the ability of a system to perform work. It is a scalar quantity that is associated with objects and systems that have the ability to do work or cause changes in other objects or systems. There…
RELIGION AND TOURISM IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction West African Traditional Religion encompasses a wide range of beliefs and practices across different ethnic groups and regions. However, there are some common themes regarding religion and tourism in this context. Firstly, religion is often a central aspect of…
A GUIDE TO RELIGION AND MEDICINE IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITION
Introduction Religion and medicine are two intertwined aspects of West African Traditional Religion (WATR). In WATR, the belief is that spiritual and physical health are connected and that illness is not just a physical phenomenon but also has spiritual causes.…
ROLE OF WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Introduction West African Traditional Religion (WATR) has played a significant role in conflict resolution and management in the region for centuries. In traditional African societies, religion is seen as an essential part of life and the basis of their culture…
WORSHIP IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction In West African Traditional Religion, worship is an integral part of daily life and is conducted in a variety of ways. Here are some key aspects of worship in West African Traditional Religion: Ancestors: Ancestors play an important role…
RELIGIOUS PERSONALITIES IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction In many West African Traditional Religions, there are spiritual leaders who are responsible for conducting rituals and ceremonies, offering prayers and blessings, and interpreting the will of the gods or ancestors. These leaders may be known as priests, priestesses,…
FESTIVALS IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction Festivals hold a significant place in the West African traditional religion. They are an occasion for the community to come together, celebrate, and honor their ancestors and deities. West African Traditional Religion encompasses a diverse set of beliefs and…
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT IN MINING
Mining health hazards Mining can be a hazardous occupation due to the nature of the work and the exposure to a variety of harmful substances. Here are some of the health hazards in mining and their explanations: Respiratory problems: Miners…
RELIGION AND ETHICS IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction West African Traditional Religion is a diverse collection of religious practices that are unique to different ethnic groups in the West African region. Although there are many variations, these religions share some common features, including a belief in a…
NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Introduction West Africa is a region with a rich and diverse religious landscape, where traditional religions are still practiced alongside Islam and Christianity. Over the years, several New Religious Movements (NRMs) have emerged in West Africa, which have incorporated elements…
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN SALESMANSHIP
There are many job and career opportunities in salesmanship, as sales is an essential function for most businesses. Here are some examples: Sales Representative: This is a common entry-level position in sales. Sales representatives typically sell products or services to…
ENEMIES OF LIFE IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
In West African Traditional Religion, there are various forces that are believed to be enemies of life. These forces are seen as malevolent and can cause harm to individuals and communities. Here are some of the enemies of life in…
TRADITIONAL SPORTS IN WEST AFRICA
Traditional sports in West Africa have a rich and diverse history, dating back thousands of years. These sports were an important part of the region’s cultural heritage, providing a way for communities to come together, celebrate their traditions, and compete…
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ANCIENT EGYPT Egypt is a country that is well-situated on the Nile Valleys and the River Nile has provided water for the irrigation of Egyptian farms from ancient times. If you look at the map of Africa…
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN MODERN EUROPE
The fall of the Roman Empire led to the period of ignorance which is known in history as the Dark Ages. After several centuries, people realized the importance of physical fitness for the defence of the State and devised several…
POPULATION GROWTH IN AFRICA
The exact population size of Africa, like that of the world, at any particular time is difficult to determine. This is essentially due to the fact that many countries in Africa do not have complete knowledge of their population, as…
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS
Mammals are biparental in reproduction that is sexual reproduction involves two distinct and separate individuals, sexually mature male and female. A) Male reproductive system The male reproductive system in man consists of testes (singular = testis), vasa efferentia, vas…
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN AFRICA
The population density of Africa is 30 persons per square kilometre. This might be misleading when dealing with a large land mass as Africa, and there is need to remember that the population is unevenly distributed. There are marked…
EVIDENCES IN SUPPORT OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
1) Evidence from comparative anatomy Homologous structures can be used to explain the evidence of comparative anatomy. Homologous structures are those structures which are built in the same common plan but yet modified to perform different functions. For example the…
MECHANISM OF TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS
The lower plants All the plants from the single-celled Chlamydomonas, bacterium, Phacus to the simple multicellular Spirogyra, Funaria (Bryophyta) that lack conducting vessels use their cytoplasm for the movement and distribution of materials. Most of these lower plants live in…
MOVEMENTS IN FISH
Swimming movements Each side of the vertebral column (flexible backbone) of a fish is made of muscle blocks or myotomes. The muscle blocks are arranged in a zig-zag fashion from head to tail. Each muscle block starts from the transverse…
MOVEMENTS IN HYDRA AND EARTHWORM
Movements in Hydra 1) Swaying Sometimes Hydra comes to rest on rock or other suitable hard surface in water and fixes itself temporarily with mucus substances at the basal disc. Even when Hydra is fixed, it is continuously swaying and…
FIRST AID IN HAEMORRHAGE
Haemorrhage (bleeding) is the coming out of blood from the blood vessels which have been damaged. When the loss of blood is to the outside, it is called external haemorrhage and when it is to the tissues, it is called…
POLLINATION IN PLANTS
Pollination is defined as the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anthers of one flower to the mature stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant or closely related species. Pollination is the first step…
FERTILIZATION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Immediately after pollination, fertilization follows. Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. In a flower, the male gametes develop from the pollen grains while the female gametes develop from the ovules which are retained…
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA
Industrial enterprise in Nigeria can be broadly classified into (i) local arts and craft, and (ii) modern manufacturing. Local Arts and Craft Long before the coming of Europeans and modern manufacturing to Nigeria, the fabrication of local items, such…
POWER SOURCES IN AFRICA
Energy/ Power Sources Africa has various sources of energy or power distributed unevenly over Africa. The main sources of power are Hydro-Electricity Power (HEP), coal, mineral oil, thermal power and nuclear power. Africa accounts for 8% of the world’s known…
PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN AFRICA
Africa’s primary economic activities depend essentially on primary activities, which are associated with the natural resources that abound in the continent. The main primary economic activities are mining, forest exploitation/lumbering, fishing and livestock rearing. Mining Activities Africa is blessed…
EXCRETION IN PLANTS
There are no special excretory organs or systems in plants. The plants as living things do carry out excretion. Elimination of certain waste takes place through the stomata and lenticels. The main waste products of plants are water from transpiration…
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN AFRICA
There are a number of international organizations in Africa formed with the aim of promoting peace, social integration, economic cooperation and development of member nation states. These include the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Economic…
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS IN MOSQUITOES
Mating and laying of eggs The adult male and female mate. The female lays fertilized eggs on the surface of a stagnant water. Eggs are laid in partially sunny but shaded places. Female Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes lay eggs singly…
MECHANISM OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN LOWER ANIMALS
Unicellular Organisms There are no special respiratory organs in unicellular and aquatic organisms such as Amoeba and Paramecium. Oxygen that dissolves in water diffuses into the body while carbon dioxide goes out of the body through the entire body surface.…
LANDFORMS DUE TO WATER ACTION IN THE DESERTS
Wind erosion, transportation and deposition are most effective and widespread in desert regions, but few deserts in the world are entirely without rain or water. In some deserts, there are perennial rivers such as the Nile in Egypt which has…
LANDFORMS OF WIND DEPOSITION IN DESERTS
Materials that have been eroded and transported by winds must come to rest somewhere. The finest dust travels enormous distances in the air, and may be moved completely out of the desert. It has been estimated that some dust grains…
EXCRETION IN MAMMALS
There are four types of excretory organs used by mammals. These are: lungs, skin, liver and kidneys. The lungs excrete water vapour and carbon dioxide, the liver excretes bile pigments called bilirubin (derived from the decomposition of haemoglobin), the skin…
LANDFORMS OF WIND EROSION IN DESERTS
In the combined processes of abrasion, deflation and attrition, a wealth of characteristic desert landforms emerge. 1) Rock pedestals or mushroom rocks: The sand-blasting effect of winds against any projecting rock masses wear back the softer layer so that an…
INSURANCE ASSOCIATIONS IN NIGERIA
Insurance industry in Nigeria cannot exist in isolation. It has to exist within the framework of the economy, and there is need for regulation of the practice of insurance in any economy. The objective of insurance associations in Nigeria is…
Study Guide
