Introduction The penis is the male reproductive organ that is responsible for delivering semen during sexual intercourse. It is typically cylindrical in shape and composed of three main parts: the root, the shaft, and...
Introduction The CVS, or cardiovascular system, is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is the organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, while the blood vessels act as conduits...
Mediastinum Divisions The mediastinum is a central compartment within the thoracic cavity, bordered by the sternum in front, the vertebral column in back, and the lungs on each side. It is divided into three...
Introduction CNS stands for Central Nervous System. It is the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the control center of the body and is...
Introduction Ectopic pregnancy is a medical condition in which a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. This type of pregnancy is not viable and can be...
Introduction Muscles are essential for movement and are responsible for generating the force required for various bodily functions. The following is a brief overview of muscle physiology. Muscle Types: There are three types of...
Introduction The cerebellum is a part of the brain located at the back of the skull, below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It is involved in the coordination and regulation of voluntary movement,...
Introduction The brain is a complex and highly specialized organ that serves as the control center for the nervous system. The gross morphology of the brain can be divided into several main structures, including...
Introduction The human heart is a vital organ that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is located in the chest, slightly to the left of the sternum (breastbone) and is approximately...
Introduction The vulva and vagina are two separate but closely related structures of the female reproductive system. The vulva refers to the external female genitalia, which includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and...
Introduction The female reproductive system consists of several organs and structures that work together to produce, transport, and nourish ova (eggs) and support the development of a fetus if fertilization occurs. The main organs...
Introduction Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in solving firearm-related crimes. This is because firearms leave distinct marks and evidence that can provide valuable information to investigators about the type of firearm used, the...
Introduction Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the quality, timing, and duration of sleep. These disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, such as underlying medical conditions, lifestyle habits,...
Peripheral Vasodilators for Hypertension Peripheral vasodilators are a class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). They work by relaxing the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels,...
Hypertension Drug Groups There are several groups of drugs that are commonly used to treat hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Here are the major groups of drugs used in the treatment of...
Pulmonary ventilation, also known as breathing, is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs. It involves the coordination of several muscles and the changes in the volume of the...
Introduction Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms....
Introduction Blood culture is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of microorganisms in a person’s blood. It is a critical diagnostic tool for diagnosing bloodstream infections or sepsis, which can be life-threatening...
Introduction Cell injury is a process where the normal structure and function of a cell are disrupted due to various harmful stimuli. It can occur due to a variety of factors such as physical...
Introduction Chromosomes are long, coiled-up molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contain an organism’s genetic information. They are found in the nucleus of every cell in the body of eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Chromosomes...