The complement system is a part of the immune system that plays a vital role in protecting...
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
Growth factors and cytokines are both types of signaling molecules that play crucial roles in regulating various...
Introduction Helicobacter pylori infection, also known as H. pylori infection, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects...
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. It is primarily...
Introduction Protein synthesis inhibitors are antibiotics that prevent bacteria from producing essential proteins needed for growth and...
Introduction Penicillin is a group of antibiotics that are derived from the fungus Penicillium. These antibiotics have...
Mechanism of action of Cephalosporins Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that belong to the beta-lactam group,...
Metacognition refers to the ability to think about and reflect on one’s own thinking processes. It involves...
Introduction to Extracellular matrix The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of molecules that...
Introduction The extracellular fluid (ECF) and internal environment of cells are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and...
Myopathies are a group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and dysfunction. They can be classified based...
The cranial nerves The cranial nerves are a set of twelve pairs of nerves that emerge directly...
Introduction Pre-operative workup refers to the comprehensive evaluation and preparation of a patient before undergoing a surgical...
Introduction Fetal surveillance refers to the monitoring of the well-being and development of a fetus during pregnancy....
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for a period of at least three...
Primary amenorrhea is a condition characterized by the absence of menstruation in females who have reached the...
Introduction to Dysmenorrhea Dysmenorrhea is a condition characterized by painful menstrual cramps, usually accompanied by pelvic pain...
Assisted reproduction refers to the use of medical techniques and procedures to help individuals or couples conceive...
Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, often during...
Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by excessive hair growth in women, often on the face, chest,...
Introduction Instrumental vaginal delivery, also known as assisted vaginal delivery, is a method of childbirth that involves...
Physiology of amniotic fluid The physiology of amniotic fluid refers to the biological and functional aspects of...
Introduction Abnormal labor, also known as dysfunctional labor or dystocia, refers to a deviation from the normal...
Prematurity is defined as the birth of an infant before 37 weeks of gestation. According to the...
Safe motherhood refers to the provision of comprehensive and quality healthcare services to women during pregnancy, childbirth,...
Introduction Breech vaginal delivery refers to the delivery of a baby in a position other than the...
Introduction Fetal malposition and malpresentation are two terms used in obstetrics to describe abnormal positions of the...
Introduction Obstetrical emergencies refer to critical situations that can occur during pregnancy, labor, or the postpartum period,...
Adrenal insufficiency is a rare endocrine disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands, located on top of...
Introduction When it comes to dressing suture and instruments, it is essential to follow proper procedures to...
Introduction Cushing’s syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body....
Introduction Diabetic foot refers to a condition that affects individuals with diabetes, leading to various complications in...
Introduction MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a medical imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and...
Introduction Congenital orthopaedic problems refer to a group of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system and are...
Estrogen is a group of hormones that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of...
Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, and it is based on...
Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bite of infected...
Introduction The ischiorectal fossa is a potential space located in the pelvis, specifically in the perineum region....
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue that undergoes various metabolic adaptations in response to exercise. These...
Introduction to Toxicology Toxicology is a branch of science that deals with the study of poisons, their...
Flaps versus Grafts A flap in medical terms refers to a piece of tissue that is transferred...
Cosmetic surgery versus Plastic surgery Cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery are two distinct medical specialties that focus...
Skin graft Skin graft is a surgical procedure that involves the transplantation of skin from one area...
Androgen hormones are a class of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and...
Introduction Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), also known as functional somatic symptoms or somatoform disorders, refer to physical...
Interferon therapy Interferon therapy is a type of treatment that involves the use of interferons, which are...
Introduction Worm infestations, also known as helminth infections, are caused by various types of parasitic worms that...
Pruritus, commonly known as itching, is a sensation that triggers the desire to scratch the affected area....
Introduction Obstructive jaundice refers to a medical condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes,...
Introduction Rh incompatibility, also known as Rh disease or hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), is a...
