MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
MEANING OF MDG The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are eight international development goals that were officially established following the millennium summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations millennium declaration. All 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organisations have agreed to achieve these goals by the year 2015. GOALS OF MDG Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Achieving universal primary education. Promoting gender equality and empowering women. Reducing child mortality rates. Improving maternal health. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Ensuring environmental sustainability. Developing a global partnership for development. Note the following: Each of the goals has specific stated targets…
DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN NIGERIA
Historical Background Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) and Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) were formed as political parties after the introduction of the Clifford Constitution. They could not be said to be national parties. Their activities were mainly restricted to Lagos. However, at the end of the Second World War, new political parties emerged and replaced the NNDP and NYM. Some of these new parties were in two groups – major and minor parties. Some of the major parties were the National Council of Nigeria and the Camerouns (NCNC), Northern People’s Congress (NPC), Action Group (AG). Some of the minor parties were the Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU), United Middle Belt…
DELEGATED LEGISLATION
Delegated legislation is defined as the act of transferring powers and functions through the Acts of parliament to other organisations such as ministries, local governments, public corporations (PHCN, Water Board) etc. Laws made by these bodies are referred to as bye – laws. Parliament finds it more convenient to lay down the general principles of laws and then leave the administrative and technical aspects to these other bodies, whose powers are delegated by the parliament. Delegated legislation is a special feature of modern government. TYPES OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION Bye – Laws: These are laws made by local governments, public corporations, ministries. These powers are conferred on them through the…
DECENTRALISATION
Decentralization has to do with the sharing of power between the central government and other constituent units, within a political system. Powers are therefore, distributed to these different units, thereby creating many centres of power. For example, in a decentralized political system, powers are constitutionally shared between the central government and other constituent units, e.g. state and local governments. Details in power sharing are fully discussed under the topic federal system of government. Nigeria, U.S.A ., etc, have decentralized political system. TYPES OF DECENTRALISATION There are two types of decentralization and they are: Devolution. Deconcentration. Devolution In this type of system, the central government may decide to set…
CENTRALISATION
Centralisation is defined as the process by which political power is located in a single central decision – making body. The highest degree of centralization is achieved where all powers of government are vested in a central authority. The degree of centralization is highest in a unitary state. Britain, France, etc. are centralised states. In some political systems, they may see the need for some degree of centralization of power. Reasons for the adoption of centralisation Best practised in a homogenous state: This system is best practised where there are no sharp differences in religion, language, beliefs, etc. Small country: It is easy to practise in a relatively small…
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