MANAGEMENT OF NORMAL LABOR

Stages of Labor The four stages of labor refer to the sequential phases a woman goes through during the process of childbirth. These stages mark the progression of labor from the onset of contractions...

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS OVERVIEW

Introduction Hypersensitivity reactions, also known as allergic reactions, occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance in the environment or a foreign substance that enters the body. These reactions can range from...

TOP HEADACHE FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW

A headache is a common medical condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the head or upper neck region. It is one of the most prevalent health complaints and can vary in intensity, duration,...

A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING ONCOLOGY EMERGENCIES

Emergencies in oncology refer to critical medical situations that require immediate intervention and specialized care in patients with cancer. These emergencies may arise as a result of the primary malignancy itself or as complications...

CRYSTAL ARTHROPATHY OVERVIEW

Crystal arthropathy, also known as crystal deposition disease, refers to a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of microscopic crystals within the joints. The most common types of crystal arthropathy are gout and...

PRINCIPLES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT

In medical terms, pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It is a subjective sensation that can vary in intensity, quality, and duration. Pain...

TIPS FOR DEALING WITH MISCARRIAGES

A miscarriage, also known as a spontaneous abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is able to survive independently outside the womb. It typically occurs during the first 20 weeks of...

TIPS FOR MANAGING PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia vs Pneumonitis Pneumonia and pneumonitis are both conditions that affect the lungs, but they have distinct definitions and characteristics. Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation of the air sacs in one...

COAGULATION DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY

Coagulation disorders in pregnancy refer to abnormalities in the blood clotting process that occur during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the body undergoes significant physiological changes to support fetal development, including changes in the blood coagulation...

FACTS ABOUT THE UTERINE FIBROID

Leiomyoma, also known as a uterine fibroid, is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. It is one of the most common types of tumors found in...

GENITAL PROLAPSE RISK FACTORS

Genital prolapse refers to the descent or sagging of pelvic organs such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum into the vaginal canal. While the exact cause of genital prolapse is often multifactorial, there are...

A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO MALPRESENTATION

Malpresentation refers to an abnormal positioning or placement of the fetus during pregnancy, particularly during labor and delivery. Normally, a fetus is expected to be in a head-down position with the head pointing towards...

SURGICAL PLEURAL DISORDERS

Pathophysiology of pneumothorax and its management Pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This air accumulation can lead to the collapse...

RECOGNIZING ASTHMA TRIGGERS

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It is a common condition that affects...

CATARACTS AND VISION LOSS

A cataract is a medical condition characterized by the clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to a decrease in vision. The lens, located behind the iris, plays a crucial role in focusing...

FACTS ABOUT ELECTROLYTES IN BODY FLUIDS

Potassium Homeostasis Physiology Electrolytes are electrically charged ions that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. They help maintain proper cell function, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and fluid balance....

A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

Antiviral agents are a class of medications used to treat viral infections. They work by targeting specific components of the viral life cycle, either inhibiting viral replication or preventing the virus from entering host...

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY

Chemotherapy refers to the use of drugs to treat various types of cancer and other medical conditions. These drugs, known as chemotherapeutic agents, work by interfering with the cell division and growth of cancer...

CONGENITAL CNS MALFORMATION

The most common congenital malformation of the central nervous system (CNS) is neural tube defects (NTDs). NTDs occur due to incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. The two most prevalent types...

MANAGEMENT OF DRUG POISONING

Drug poisoning refers to the harmful or toxic effects that occur when an individual takes or is exposed to a substance in excessive amounts or in a manner that is not intended. It typically...

PLASTIC SURGERY PRINCIPLES

Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. Plastic surgeons utilize a combination of surgical techniques and artistic principles to enhance the appearance of individuals...

THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO GLOBULAR PROTEIN

Globular proteins are a type of protein with a characteristic three-dimensional structure that is compact and roughly spherical in shape. They play crucial roles in various biological processes, including enzymatic reactions, signaling, transport, and...

UNDERSTANDING VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

Introduction Valvular heart disease refers to any condition that affects the valves of the heart. The heart has four valves: the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. These valves help regulate...

HOW STAINING ENHANCES MICROSCOPY VISIBILITY

Bright field microscopy is a widely used technique in which organisms or cells are stained to enhance their visibility and improve contrast for observation under a microscope. The staining process involves applying colored dyes...

FACTS ABOUT VIRAL INFECTIONS

Viral classification and characteristics properties Viral classification is the process of organizing viruses into different groups based on their shared characteristics and properties. It allows scientists to better understand the diversity of viruses and...

HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE SIGNS OF HEPATITIS

Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various factors such as viral infections, alcohol consumption, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications or toxins.   Hepatitis Epidemiology Overview Hepatitis is...

AN INTRODUCTION TO STEROIDOGENESIS

Introduction Steroidogenesis is the process by which steroids are synthesized in the body. Steroids are a class of organic compounds that include hormones such as cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. These hormones play crucial roles...

UNVEILING THE MYSTERY OF VASCULITIS

Vasculitis refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, resulting in damage to the vessel walls. This inflammation can affect blood vessels of varying sizes, including small, medium, and large...

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