PRE-VOCATIONAL STUDIES
CONSUMER CHALLENGES AND RIGHTS
All person buying or consuming goods and services expects to get the best value for the money spent. He also has some rights and responsibilities over the quality of the goods bought and opportunity to seek redress. It is therefore necessary that consumers should be properly guided in order to manage their financial resources wisely. Definition of Consumer Consumer is anybody who buys products or services from where it is expected (market) such that the he gets the best from the goods or services paid for. For example a person that subscribes to Global System of Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) for telephone calls should not experience anything like ‘network is…
FISHERIES
All the activities relating to the production of fish and other aquatic animals known as fisheries. Fishes are cold-blooded animals, that is their body temperature changes according to that of their surroundings in which they live. They breathe with the help of gills and swim with their fins. They feed on plankton. All fishes are vertebrates, that is, they have backbones and scales. They have steam-line body for swimming freely in water. fish may be viviparous, oviparous, and ovoviviparous in reproduction. Fishery is the area of specialization in agriculture that is concerned with the production of fishes as well as other aquatic animals. The rearing of fishes (fingerlings) or fryers…
ANIMAL NUTRITION
Meaning of nutrition The art and science of feeding farm animals including plants to achieve healthy growth is known as nutrition. Feed is the food or meal eaten by farm animals and the food elements contained in animals feeds are called nutrients. These various elements include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, calcium, sulphur,iodine, iron, chlorine, cobalt, sodium, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum. Food/feed nutrients and classification Food nutrients are chemical elements present in feeds fed to animals. These elements have been mentioned above. Farm animals need food for production, growth, energy, performance of body functions and general repairs. There are six classes of food nutrients/constituents which are…
PROPAGATION OF CROPS
Meaning of propagation Propagation is the process of raising young plants from seeds or by vegetative parts. Methods of crop propagation There are two main methods of crop propagation. Viz: Sexual propagation Asexual propagation Sexual or seed propagation Sexual propagation is the development of crop plant through the sowing of seeds. Crops which can be propagated by this method are tomato, okro, onion, oil palm, coconut, maize, rice, cowpea, etc. the seeds of these crop may be planted directly in the field e.g. rice or firstly in a nursery before transplanting to the field e.g. oil palm, cocoa, tomato. Advantages of sexual propagation It is easier to…