LATENT HEAT CONCEPT
Introduction Latent heat is the amount of heat energy that is required or released to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. It is called “latent” because the heat energy involved is not apparent in the temperature…
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO TIME IN PHYSICS
Introduction In physics, time is generally understood as an interval between physical events. This interval is often measured in seconds or other units of time. According to this concept, time is considered to be a fundamental dimension of the universe,…
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MASS AND WEIGHT
Introduction Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday language, but they have distinct meanings in physics. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity that is usually measured in…
FORMATION OF IONIC BONDS AND COMPOUNDS
Introduction Ionic bonds are formed when there is a transfer of electrons between two atoms. One atom loses electrons and becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the other atom gains electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion (anion). The…
AN EXPERT INTERVIEW ABOUT INTERATOMIC BONDING
Interatomic bonding refers to the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule or a solid material. There are three primary types of interatomic bonding: covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and metallic bonding. Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share electrons…
COVALENT BONDS AND COMPOUNDS
Introduction Covalent bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, resulting in the formation of a stable…
FLORAL FORMULAE DETERMINATION
Floral formula is a shorthand representation of the floral structure of a plant. It is composed of symbols that represent the different parts of the flower, such as the sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Here are the floral formulae of…
IWRM FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process that helps to coordinate and manage water resources in an integrated manner, taking into account the interdependencies among water resources, their social, economic, and environmental implications, and the needs and preferences of…
FISH AS AN EFFICIENT PLANKTON CONVERTER
Fish are considered efficient converters of plankton into flesh because they have a unique digestive system and metabolism that enables them to efficiently extract nutrients from their food. Plankton is the primary food source for most fish, and it is…
BOD MEASUREMENT FOR WATER
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by microorganisms in water while decomposing organic matter. It is used as an indicator of the level of organic pollution in water. BOD is measured by…
THE COMPLETE BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO FOOD ADDITIVES
Introduction Food additives are substances added to food products to enhance their flavor, texture, appearance, and shelf life. These substances may be natural or synthetic and can be categorized as preservatives, flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, or sweeteners. In agriculture,…
ACIDS AND BASES EFFECTS
1) Effects of Acids and Bases on Indicators Acids and bases can have a significant effect on the color of indicators. An indicator is a substance that changes color when it is exposed to an acid or a base. The…
ARRHENIUS CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES
According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) and a base is a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). In other words, acids are proton…
DIAMOND AND GRAPHITE USES
Diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon with vastly different structures, leading to a variety of uses for each material. Uses of Diamond Diamond has a tetrahedral structure, in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other…
Study Guide
