GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSING ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES
Introduction The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, and its main function is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. Various diseases can affect the esophagus, some of which…
FACTS ABOUT SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Psychosis definition Psychosis refers to a severe mental disorder characterized by a loss of touch with reality. It is a condition that affects a person’s thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and behavior, and can make it difficult for them to function in…
THE IMPACT OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS ON MENTAL HEALTH
Monoamine theory of depression The monoamine theory of depression suggests that depression is caused by a deficiency in certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly the monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. According to this theory, low levels of these neurotransmitters can…
THE ADVANCED GUIDE TO BRAINSTEM
The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain. It is made up of three main parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. The gross features of…
UNDERSTANDING MUSCLE AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES
Introduction Muscle and neuromuscular diseases are a group of conditions that affect the muscles and the nerves that control them. These diseases can be genetic or acquired, and they can affect individuals of all ages. Some common examples of muscle…
ENDOMETRIOSIS IMPACT ON FERTILITY
Introduction Endometriosis can impact fertility in a number of ways. The adhesions and scar tissue that can develop from endometriosis can cause damage to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, making it difficult for sperm and egg to meet or…
ADVANCEMENTS IN STROKE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Stroke is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to the death of brain cells. This can happen due to a blood clot that blocks a blood…