Man cannot survive without water. The low population densities in the desert natural region is because of...
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
1) Capes and bays: On exposed coasts, the continual action of waves on rocks of varying resistance...
The most powerful agents of marine erosion are waves. Their origin is due to the sweeping of...
The action of the wind passing over a stretch of sea causes waves to develop and when...
The seasonal variation in the volume of water in a river is known as the regime. A...
Since the earth is spherical in shape, the shortest distance between any two points on the globe...
Distribution Some parts of the world experience seasonal winds like land and sea breeze but on a...
Distribution The equatorial, hot, wet climate is found between 5° and 10° north and south of the...
Distribution The polar type of climate and vegetation is found mainly north of the Arctic Circle in...
Insolation The only source of energy for the earth’s atmosphere is the sun which has a surface...
Landforms of glaciated lowlands are mainly depositional in nature, brought about by both valley glacier and continental...
Glaciation generally gives rise to erosional features in the highlands and depositional features on the lowlands, though...
During the earth’s history, there have been many changes in the pattern of climatic regions. The most...
1) Temperatures: Coastlands with warm currents offshore tend to have mild climates for their latitudes. Coastlands with...
The Circulation of the Pacific Ocean The pattern of circulation in the Pacific is similar to that...
Let us now study more closely the circulation of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean. We shall...
Ocean currents are large masses of surface water that circulate in regular patterns around the oceans, as...
Like land masses, ocean water varies in temperature from place to place both at the surface and...
Almost every known chemical element can be found in varying proportions in the oceans whose most characteristic...
The ocean basins are in many ways similar to the land surface. There are submarine ridges, plateaux,...
The oceans occupy more than 70 per cent or 364 million sq km (140 million square miles)...
Wind erosion, transportation and deposition are most effective and widespread in desert regions, but few deserts in...
Materials that have been eroded and transported by winds must come to rest somewhere. The finest dust...
In the combined processes of abrasion, deflation and attrition, a wealth of characteristic desert landforms emerge. 1)...
Arid landforms are as a result of many combined factors, one reacting upon the other. Insufficient rainfall,...
About a fifth of the world’s land is made up of deserts, some rocky, others stony and...
Nature, properties and uses Iron is the commonest, cheapest and most versatile of all metals. It is,...
Of the power sources, electricity is the cheapest. It is not exhaustible like coal or petroleum but...
Petroleum is mineral oil, organic in origin, and occurs in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. It...
Coal, comprising mainly carbon of vegetative origin, is one of the oldest forms of power. It provided...
Minerals are natural, chemical substances which make up the rocks of the earth’s crust. They have certain...
In the history of mankind perhaps the most disastrous eruptions were those of Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Krakatoa...
In tropical seas many kinds of coral animals and marine organisms such as coral polyps, calcareous algae,...
Lakes are amongst the most varied features of the earth’s surface. They occupy the hollows of the...
An island is a piece of land surrounded on all sides by water. It may occur individually...
A careful examination of the lakes of the world will reveal their immense human significance. In countries...
An earthquake is defined as a violent tremor in the earth’s crust which sends out a series...
Minerals, unlike other resources are non-renewable resources because once they are exhausted, they cannot be replaced. Mineral...
Vegetation resources include all the resources one can get from the forest and savanna for the benefit...
Water resources refer to any useful material (living or non-living) inside water which are of benefit to...
Atmospheric resources are those elements such as wind, water, sunlight and gases found in the atmosphere which...
Environmental resources refer to any useful item in the environment, or materials and substances that are useful...
Conservation is defined as the planned, control exploitation or judicious use of natural resources to ensure their...
Earth’s crust and the interior of the earth: The earth is almost like a sphere. Its radius...
The orbit of the earth is an ellipse. Its length is 93,80,51,827 kilometres. The sun is located...
Everyday the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This process led many people...
Climatic change is defined as a change in the statistical properties of the climatic system when considered...
Several classifications of soil types exist. The zonal classification treated here is considered most appropriate at this...
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with...
Soil erosion is defined as the removal of the top layer of the soil through various agents...
