Introduction The microbial world is incredibly diverse, with a vast array of microorganisms inhabiting various environments on...
Specimen Collection Guidelines Proper collection of specimens is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of various...
Introduction Antibiotic susceptibility testing is a laboratory technique used to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against specific...
Introduction Fungal and parasitic laboratory identification involves the process of identifying and characterizing different types of fungi...
Introduction Retina and vitreous disorders refer to a variety of conditions that affect the retina and the...
Introduction Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can cause damage to the optic nerve, which...
Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the orbit is crucial for comprehending the structure and function of...
When approaching patients with pigmentary changes, it’s important to consider various factors, including the patient’s medical history,...
Disease epidemiology is the study of how diseases spread and impact populations. Epidemiologists investigate various aspects of...
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that affect body movement, muscle coordination, and...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is...
Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also known as chronic coronary syndrome, is a condition characterized by the...
Delirium is a state of acute confusion and altered mental status that can occur due to various...
The term “near the end of life” refers to the stage of a person’s illness or condition...
Prognosis refers to the predicted outcome or course of a disease or medical condition. It involves the...
Introduction Gallstones are small, solid deposits that form in the gallbladder, which is a small organ located...
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood...
AKI & CKD Definitions Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), also known as acute renal...
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to sudden and severe bleeding that occurs in the upper part...
Anxiolytics, also known as anti-anxiety medications, are a class of drugs used to treat various forms of...
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a medical procedure used to treat certain mental health conditions, especially severe depression...
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of medications primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such...
Introduction Diagnosis and management of disc and degenerative spinal disorders are essential for providing appropriate treatment and...
ECG Arrhythmia Patterns Recognizing common ECG patterns in arrhythmias is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiac conditions....
Introduction Vaccination is a crucial and effective public health measure used to protect individuals and communities from...
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of weakness or loss of...
Infant formula is a manufactured substitute for breast milk that is designed to provide adequate nutrition to...
Alopecia Types Explained Alopecia is a general term used to describe hair loss or baldness. There are...
Introduction Reactive erythemas refer to a group of skin conditions characterized by redness (erythema) that occurs as...
Acne and rosacea are two common skin conditions that affect many individuals worldwide. While they share some...
Somatoform and factitious disorders are two distinct categories of psychological disorders characterized by physical symptoms or complaints....
Intermittent Claudication Pathophysiology Intermittent claudication is a symptom characterized by leg pain or discomfort that occurs during...
Acute perianal conditions refer to sudden or rapidly developing conditions that affect the area around the anus,...
Introduction Neck and vascular trauma refer to injuries or damage that occur in the neck region and...
CMP, or cardiomyopathy, refers to a group of diseases that affect the structure and function of the...
Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed or constricted airways. In...
Variant definitions of skin lesions Here are some common types of skin lesions: Macule: A macule is...
Clinical significance and types of cyanosis Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes,...
Acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to a group of structural heart abnormalities present at birth that...
Introduction Adenoids and tonsils are part of the lymphatic system and play a role in the immune...
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) encompass a wide range of genetic disorders that affect the body’s ability...
Understanding Consciousness States Coma: Coma refers to a state of profound unconsciousness in which a person is...
Regular antenatal care (ANC) is of paramount importance in obstetrics. ANC refers to the care and support...
Pneumothorax & Empyema Types Pneumothorax and empyema are both conditions that affect the lungs, but they are...
The spleen is an organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. It plays a...
Surgical infections, also known as postoperative infections, occur as a result of contamination or colonization of a...
Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), occurs when there is a reduced blood...
Intestinal obstruction refers to a partial or complete blockage of the intestines, which prevents the normal flow...
Contraception refers to the deliberate use of various methods or techniques to prevent pregnancy from occurring during...
Musculoskeletal radiology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries...
