ADVANCED APPLICATIONS OF NESTED PCR IN MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
Nested PCR, or nested polymerase chain reaction, is a modification of the traditional PCR technique that allows for increased sensitivity and specificity in the amplification of DNA sequences. This method involves performing two consecutive PCR reactions using two sets of…
EXPLORING ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN NEURORADIOLOGY
Introduction Neuroradiology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), head, neck, and associated blood vessels using medical imaging techniques. It combines the fields…
THE ADVANCED GUIDE TO BRAINSTEM
The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain. It is made up of three main parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. The gross features of…
THE ADVANCED GUIDE TO CELL INJURY AND ADAPTATION
Introduction Cell injury is a process where the normal structure and function of a cell are disrupted due to various harmful stimuli. It can occur due to a variety of factors such as physical trauma, chemical toxins, infectious agents, and…
THE ADVANCED GUIDE TO GENETICS OF DISEASE
Introduction Genetics of disease is the study of how genetic variations contribute to the development and progression of various diseases. Our genes contain the instructions that determine our physical and biological traits, and changes or mutations in these genes can…