DIVERSITY IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES ON CELLULAR LEVEL
The diversity in biological systems and processes on the cellular level is a fundamental characteristic of life on Earth. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms, and they exhibit a remarkable range of diversity in their structure,…
STANDARD PROTOCOLS FOR LYSIS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI CELLS AND PARTITIONING OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS
Lysis of E. coli Cells: Harvesting the Cells: After the small-scale culture of E. coli reaches the desired optical density, harvest the cells by centrifugation. Resuspending the Pellet: Resuspend the cell pellet in an appropriate lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors…
CELLULAR ACTION OF GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES FOR O-LINKED AND N-LINKED GLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS
Glycosyltransferases are enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of glycoproteins, which are proteins that have sugar molecules attached to them. These enzymes play a crucial role in the addition of sugar moieties to proteins, thereby influencing various cellular processes such as…
CARCINOGENIC AGENTS AND THEIR CELLULAR INTERACTIONS
Carcinogens are substances or agents that have the potential to cause cancer. These can be chemicals, radiation, or even certain viruses. When exposed to carcinogens, they can alter the DNA of cells, leading to mutations that can potentially lead to…
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN CELLULAR INTERACTIONS
Introduction to Extracellular matrix The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of molecules that surrounds and supports cells in multicellular organisms. It is a non-cellular component that provides structural and biochemical support to the cells within tissues…
UNBELIEVABLE FACTS ABOUT CELLULAR METABOLISM
Introduction Cellular metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur within a living cell to maintain life. It involves the processes by which cells convert nutrients into energy, synthesize new molecules, and eliminate waste products. There are two main…
CELLULAR SUBSTANCE MOVEMENT
Introduction The movement of substances into and out of cells is essential for maintaining proper cellular function and ensuring the survival of the organism as a whole. There are two main mechanisms by which substances can move across the cell…