COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO URINALYSIS AND URINE CULTURE
Introduction Urinalysis and urine culture are two diagnostic tests used to evaluate the health and function of the urinary system and detect potential infections. Urinalysis: Urinalysis is a routine screening test that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of…
HOW TO IDENTIFY AND TREAT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN
Skin commensals and pathogens Cultural Characteristics of Skin Commensals: Diversity: The human skin harbors a diverse array of commensal microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mites. These organisms are part of the skin’s natural microbiota and vary in their species…
ANEURYSMS AND VASCULAR ANOMALIES
Introduction An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel. It occurs when a weakened area of a blood vessel expands and becomes filled with blood. Aneurysms can develop in any blood vessel in…
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING SPINAL INJURY
Introduction A spinal injury refers to any damage or trauma that occurs to the spinal cord, which is a vital part of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs through the spinal canal,…
THINGS NOBODY TOLD YOU ABOUT MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTIONS
Mechanism of action of peptide hormones Peptide hormones are a class of hormones that consist of short chains of amino acids. They are produced and released by various glands and tissues in the body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas,…
TIPS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
Thyrotoxicosis & Graves’ Disease Thyrotoxicosis refers to a condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone levels in the bloodstream. This condition can be caused by various factors, including diseases such as Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. The primary…
BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THYROID HORMONES METABOLISM
Thyroid hormone biosynthesis Thyroid hormone biosynthesis is a complex process that occurs in the thyroid gland. The primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play crucial roles in regulating metabolism and various physiological…