NAVIGATING BLOOD PRESSURE RANGES: WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood throughout your body. It’s an important indicator of your cardiovascular health, and it’s measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Here’s a breakdown of what constitutes normal blood pressure ranges, as well as what ranges are considered too high or too low:

Normal Blood Pressure Ranges

The American Heart Association defines the following normal blood pressure ranges for adults:

1) Systolic pressure (the top number):

• Normal: Less than 120 mmHg.
• Elevated: 120-129 mmHg.
• Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139 mmHg.
• Stage 2 hypertension: 140 mmHg or higher.

2) Diastolic pressure (the bottom number):

• Normal: Less than 80 mmHg.
• Elevated: 80-89 mmHg.
• Stage 1 hypertension: 90-99 mmHg.
• Stage 2 hypertension: 100 mmHg or higher.

 

Prehypertension

• If your blood pressure is consistently above normal but not yet in the hypertension range, you may be in a state of prehypertension. This is a warning sign that you’re at risk for developing hypertension, so it’s important to take steps to lower your blood pressure and prevent the onset of hypertension.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition where your blood pressure is consistently too high. It can increase your risk of developing serious health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Here’s a breakdown of the different stages of hypertension:

• Stage 1 hypertension: Your blood pressure is consistently between 130-139/80-89 mmHg.
• Stage 2 hypertension: Your blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mmHg or higher.

 

Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, is a condition where your blood pressure is consistently below normal. While it’s generally not as harmful as high blood pressure, low blood pressure can still cause problems if it’s severe enough. Here’s a breakdown of the different ranges of low blood pressure:

• Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg.
• Low: 100-119/70-89 mmHg.
• Very low: Less than 100/70 mmHg.

 

Factors That Affect Blood Pressure

There are many factors that can affect your blood pressure, including:

1. Age: Blood pressure tends to rise with age, especially after age 65.
2. Gender: Men tend to have higher blood pressure than women, although this difference generally disappears after menopause.
3. Genetics: A family history of hypertension can increase your risk of developing the condition.
4. Lifestyle factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to high blood pressure.
5. Medications: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and decongestants, can raise your blood pressure.

 

What to Do if Your Blood Pressure Is Too High or Too Low

If your blood pressure is consistently too high or too low, your healthcare provider may recommend lifestyle changes or medication to bring it back into a healthy range. Here are some steps you can take to manage your blood pressure:

1. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help lower your blood pressure and improve your overall cardiovascular health.
2. Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products can help lower your blood pressure.
3. Reduce stress: Stress can raise your blood pressure, so try relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing to reduce stress.
4. Limit alcohol and salt: Drinking too much alcohol or consuming too much salt can raise your blood pressure.
5. Get enough sleep: Lack of sleep can raise your blood pressure, so aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night.