AN ORGANIZED GROUP THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF THE STATE COULD BE DESCRIBED AS

• A. civil defence
• B. pressure group
• C. community group
• D. civil society ✓

An organized group that is independent of the state could be described as “civil society.” Civil society refers to the realm of organized social life that is voluntary, self-generating, and autonomous from the state. It includes a wide range of organizations, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, advocacy groups, professional associations, and religious institutions. These groups play a crucial role in shaping public policy, promoting social change, and fostering democratic governance.

Civil society organizations often serve as a bridge between the state and the individual, advocating for the interests of citizens, providing services that the state may not offer, and holding governments accountable for their actions. By operating independently of the state, civil society groups can act as a check on government power and provide alternative sources of authority and legitimacy.

In contrast to civil society, civil defense refers to the organization and training of civilians to protect themselves and their communities in times of emergency or disaster. Pressure groups are organizations that seek to influence government policy on specific issues by lobbying policymakers and mobilizing public support. Community groups are local organizations formed to address specific needs or concerns within a community.