ANIMAL HORMONES
Animal hormones are chemical messengers produced by various glands and tissues in animals that regulate…
BIOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS
Mammals are biparental in reproduction that is sexual reproduction involves two distinct and separate individuals,…
EVIDENCES IN SUPPORT OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
1) Evidence from comparative anatomy Homologous structures can be used to explain the evidence of…
EVOLUTION OF NEW SPECIES BY MUTATION AND ISOLATION
A) Mutation theory of organic evolution Mutation is a change in genetic material resulting in…
DARWIN’S THEORY AND MODERN THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
Charles Darwin, a British biologist, in 1859 propounded a theory of organic evolution by Natural…
LAMARCK’S THEORY OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
Jean Baptiste Lamarck, a French biologist was one of the first biologists to put forward…
DIVINE CREATION AND ORGANIC EVOLUTION
The world is occupied by millions of different kinds of plants and animals. These plants…
MECHANISM OF TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS
The lower plants All the plants from the single-celled Chlamydomonas, bacterium, Phacus to the simple…
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The part of plasma which filters into the spaces among the tissues and flows in…
THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
There are three plans or types of blood circulation in human beings, other mammals and…
HEART
The heart is an muscular organ that pumps blood to all human parts of the…
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
The transport system carries food and oxygen to all tissues and removes waste materials of…
FERN
The group – Pteridophyta consists of ferns and club-mosses. Dryopteris is a fern. It is…
MOSSES
Mosses are small, green and simple land plants belonging to phylum Bryophyta and class Musci….
SEEDS AND FRIUTS
Seeds A seed is a structure which develops from the ovule after fertilization. A seed…
DISPERSAL OF FRUITS AND SEEDS
After the maturation of fruits, an abscission layer is formed at the point of attachment…
MOVEMENTS IN FISH
Swimming movements Each side of the vertebral column (flexible backbone) of a fish is made…
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
The appendicular skeleton is made up of the limb girdles (pectoral and pelvic girdles) and…
CLASSIFICATION (TAXONOMY) OF LIVING THINGS
There are over 2,000,000 known different organisms in the world today and probably over 1,000,000…
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
The animal kingdom is divided into invertebrates (animals without backbones) and vertebrates (animals with backbones)….
NEW SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
The modern classification system based on physiology, biochemistry and embryology have revealed distinct similarities between…
ALIMENTARY CANAL OF COCKROACH
Cockroach is an omnivorous animal eating anything ranging from starchy and sweet things to papers,…
MOVEMENTS IN HYDRA AND EARTHWORM
Movements in Hydra 1) Swaying Sometimes Hydra comes to rest on rock or other suitable…
FIRST AID IN HAEMORRHAGE
Haemorrhage (bleeding) is the coming out of blood from the blood vessels which have been…
POLLINATION IN PLANTS
Pollination is defined as the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anthers of one…
FERTILIZATION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Immediately after pollination, fertilization follows. Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes to…
SHOOT SYSTEM
This is the part of the plant which grows above the soil except the modified…
ROOT SYSTEM
The root system is the part of the plant growing in the soil. This excludes…
EXTERNAL FEATURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
The flowering plants form a group of plants known as Angiosperms. They are characterized by…
PRIMATES
Primates are the most highly developed of all mammals with large brain, forward-facing eyes with…
THE STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN GAMETES
The mammalian gametes are male gametes called sperm or spermatozoa (singular = spermato-zoon), while the…
GERMINATION
Germination is a process by which the embryo of a seed grows out of its…