STRUCTURE OF GLOBIN GENE AND ITS MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF SPLICING
The globin gene family encodes the protein subunits of hemoglobin, a crucial component of red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport in the body. The structure of the globin gene is highly conserved across species and consists of several exons…
MECHANISM OF GENE REGULATION IN TRYPTOPHAN OPERON
The Tryptophan operon is a classic example of gene regulation in bacteria. It consists of a cluster of genes that encode for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. The regulation of the Tryptophan operon is based…
FRACTURES AND MECHANISM OF BONE HEALING
Introduction to Fractures Fractures are a common type of injury that occur when there is a break or crack in a bone. There are several terms related to fractures that describe different aspects and characteristics of these injuries. In this…
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction Here’s a step-by-step breakdown: Action Potential: When a nerve impulse (action potential) reaches the end of a motor neuron (presynaptic terminal), it triggers the release of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) from synaptic…
MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF CONTRACTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
Introduction The molecular mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle involves the sliding filament theory. It occurs when myosin (thick filaments) and actin (thin filaments) interact within the sarcomere, the functional unit of muscle fibers. During muscle contraction, myosin heads bind…
MECHANISM OF LABOR AND CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY
Mechanism of labor in first and second stage of labor The mechanisms of labor refer to the physiological changes and processes that occur during the first and second stages of labor. Here’s an overview of the mechanisms involved in each…
THINGS NOBODY TOLD YOU ABOUT MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTIONS
Mechanism of action of peptide hormones Peptide hormones are a class of hormones that consist of short chains of amino acids. They are produced and released by various glands and tissues in the body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas,…
HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM OF LABOUR
Introduction The process of labor, also known as childbirth, is a complex and intricate mechanism that allows the expulsion of a baby from the mother’s uterus. Labor can be divided into three stages: the first stage, the second stage, and…
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMIOSMOTIC MECHANISM
The chemiosmotic mechanism refers to the process by which cells generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through the electron transport chain (ETC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane (in eukaryotes) or the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes). The mechanism was first proposed by Peter…
MECHANISM OF TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS
The lower plants All the plants from the single-celled Chlamydomonas, bacterium, Phacus to the simple multicellular Spirogyra, Funaria (Bryophyta) that lack conducting vessels use their cytoplasm for the movement and distribution of materials. Most of these lower plants live in…
THE MECHANISM OF MARINE EROSION
The most powerful agents of marine erosion are waves. Their origin is due to the sweeping of winds over the water surface, which sets a series of undulating swells surging forward. These become higher and swifter. A normal wave in…
MECHANISM OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN LOWER ANIMALS
Unicellular Organisms There are no special respiratory organs in unicellular and aquatic organisms such as Amoeba and Paramecium. Oxygen that dissolves in water diffuses into the body while carbon dioxide goes out of the body through the entire body surface.…
THE MECHANISM OF ARID EROSION
Arid landforms are as a result of many combined factors, one reacting upon the other. Insufficient rainfall, often less than 127 mm (5 inches), coming at most irregular periods, coupled with very high temperatures (31°C/87°F, is the average) and a…