THE PROCESS OF CLONING AN ORGANISM FROM MRNA

Cloning an organism from mRNA is a complex process that involves several steps. Here’s a general overview of the process:

1) mRNA isolation

The first step is to isolate the mRNA from the cell or tissue of interest. This can be done using various methods, such as using a kit or a protocol that isolates mRNA from cells or tissues.

2) Reverse transcription

Once the mRNA is isolated, the next step is to reverse transcribe the mRNA into complementary DNA (cDNA). This is done using a reverse transcriptase enzyme, which converts the mRNA into cDNA.

3) cDNA library preparation

The cDNA is then prepared for cloning by fragmenting it into smaller pieces, adding adapter sequences to the ends of the fragments, and amplifying the fragments using PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

4) Cloning

The fragments of cDNA are then cloned into a plasmid, which is a small, self-replicating circular DNA molecule. The plasmid is designed to contain the desired gene or genes that are to be expressed in the host organism.

5) Host organism selection

The next step is to select a host organism in which to introduce the cloned DNA. This is typically done using bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells.

6) Transformation or transfection

The cloned DNA is then introduced into the host organism using a process called transformation or transfection. This involves introducing the plasmid into the host cell or organism, where it can be expressed.

7) Selection and verification

Once the cloned DNA is introduced into the host organism, the host is selected for the desired trait or characteristic. This may involve selecting for cells that have taken up the plasmid and expressing the desired gene or genes. The cloned organism is then verified using various methods, such as PCR, Southern blot analysis, or sequencing.