WHAT IS IJMĀ IN ISLAMIC LAW

• A. Consensus of opinion ✓
• B. Analogical deduction
• C. Differences of opinion
• D. Minority opinion

The answer to the question is: A. Consensus of opinion

In Islamic law, ijmā refers to the consensus of opinion among scholars or jurists on a particular legal issue. It is considered one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law, alongside the Quran, the Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad), qiyas (analogical deduction), and ijma (individual reasoning). Ijmā holds significant importance in the development and interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence.

The concept of ijmā is rooted in the belief that when a consensus is reached among qualified scholars on a particular legal matter, it represents a binding source of law for the Muslim community. This consensus is not based on majority vote but rather on the agreement of scholars who possess expertise in Islamic jurisprudence. The principle of ijmā serves as a mechanism for ensuring unity and coherence within the Muslim legal framework.

Ijmā is often invoked in cases where there is no explicit guidance in the Quran or Hadith regarding a specific issue. In such instances, scholars may look to the consensus of opinion among their predecessors to derive legal rulings. The process of reaching ijmā involves scholarly deliberation, debate, and ultimately, an agreement that reflects the collective understanding of Islamic legal principles.

It is important to note that ijmā does not imply absolute uniformity of opinion among all scholars throughout Islamic history. There have been instances where differing opinions have existed, and these variations are acknowledged within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. However, when a consensus is established among a significant number of scholars, it carries considerable weight in shaping legal interpretations and decisions.

In summary, ijmā in Islamic law represents the consensus of opinion among qualified scholars on matters not explicitly addressed in the Quran or Hadith. It serves as a vital source of authority in Islamic jurisprudence, contributing to the ongoing development and application of Islamic legal principles.