THE ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH RENAL DISEASE

• A. Thrombotic microangiopathy ✓
• B. Minimal change disease
• C. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• D. Membranous glomerulopathy

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is typically associated with renal disease, particularly thrombotic microangiopathy. Thrombotic microangiopathy is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels, leading to organ damage due to reduced blood flow. In APS, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies can lead to endothelial cell activation and injury, promoting a prothrombotic state that contributes to the development of thrombotic microangiopathy in the kidneys.

In other words, the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is typically associated with thrombotic microangiopathy. Thrombotic microangiopathy is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels, leading to organ damage due to decreased blood flow. In antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies can lead to an increased risk of thrombosis, including thrombotic microangiopathy affecting the kidneys.

Thrombotic microangiopathy in APS can manifest as renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by the presence of thrombi in the small vessels of the kidney. This can lead to various renal manifestations, including acute kidney injury, proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of renal TMA in APS involves a combination of endothelial cell activation, platelet aggregation, and complement activation triggered by antiphospholipid antibodies.

Other renal diseases such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous glomerulopathy are not typically associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

In summary, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is typically associated with thrombotic microangiopathy as a renal manifestation.