A 64 YEAR OLD WOMAN WITH PREVIOUS EPISODES OF DEPRESSION HAS A SEVERE RELAPSE WITH PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION, INSOMNIA AND WEIGHT LOSS. AFTER TWO MONTHS SHE HAS FAILED TO RESPOND TO ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND SHE IS NOW CONVINCED THAT SHE IS BEYOND HELP. WHICH IS THE SINGLE MOST APPROPRIATE TREATMENT
A. Antipsychotic depot injection B. CBT C. ECT ✓ D. Hypnotherapy E. Supportive psychotherapy In the case of a 64-year-old woman experiencing a severe relapse of depression with symptoms such as psychomotor retardation, insomnia, and weight loss, who has…
A 72 YEAR OLD MAN IN ICU HAD AN ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM REPAIR EIGHT HOURS AGO. IN THE LAST HOUR, HE HAS PASSED 10ML OF URINE VIA A CATHETER. HIS PULSE RATE IS 125 BPM AND BP 70/50MMHG. WHICH IS THE SINGLE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS
A. Acute renal failure B. Blocked catheter C. Cardiogenic shock D. Hypovolaemia ✓ E. Sepsis Given the clinical scenario described, the most likely diagnosis for the 72-year-old man in the ICU who had an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair eight…
AN 18 YEAR OLD MAN WITH ASTHMA HAS GRADUALLY INCREASING BREATHLESSNESS AND WHEEZE DESPITE REGULAR USE OF HIS SALBUTAMOL AND CORTICOSTEROID INHALERS. WHICH IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE NEXT THERAPEUTIC STEP
A. Add leukotriene antagonist B. Add long acting inhaled beta 2 agonist ✓ C. Add oral theophylline D. Double the dose of inhaled corticosteroid E. Replace inhaled steroid with oral corticosteroid In this scenario, the most appropriate next therapeutic…
INFECTION WITH PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI SUGGESTS A DEFECT IN WHICH ASPECT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
A. B lymphocytes B. Phagocytic cells C. Complement system D. T lymphocytes ✓ When an individual becomes infected with Pneumocystis jiroveci, it typically suggests a defect in T lymphocytes within the immune system. Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that…
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF MALARIA CAN CAUSE RELAPSING ILLNESS AT INTERVALS OVER MONTHS AND YEARS WITHOUT THE PATIENT BEING REINFECTED
A. Plasmodium vivax ✓ B. Plasmodium knowlesi C. Plasmodium malariae D. Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax is the type of malaria that can cause relapsing illness at intervals over months and years without the patient being reinfected. This characteristic is due…
A 78-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH KNOWN HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES PRESENTS WITH A HISTORY OF FIVE ATTACKS OF PALPITATIONS OCCURRING OVER THE PAST 6 MONTHS; THE PALPITATIONS OCCUR RANDOMLY, START SUDDENLY AND LAST 2–10 HOURS. DURING THE ATTACK HE FEELS FAST, IRREGULAR PALPITATIONS BUT NO OTHER SYMPTOMS. THE ATTACKS TERMINATE SUDDENLY. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE
A. The likely diagnosis is atrial fibrillation ✓ B. Supraventricular tachycardia is the most likely diagnosis. C. A 24-hour ECG will establish the diagnosis D. A cardiac ultrasound is unnecessary E. You can reassure the patient that he will not…
A PATIENT AGED 33 YEARS WITH AN UNEXPLAINED SWELLING OF ONE LEG FOR THE LAST 2 MONTHS PRESENTS WITH 14 DAYS OF EFFORT INTOLERANCE DUE TO BREATHLESSNESS AND HAEMOPTYSIS. EXAMINATION SHOWS BREATHLESSNESS, A HEART RATE OF 110 BPM, BP 125/65, OXYGEN SATURATIONS ON AIR OF 90%, AND AN ECG SHOWING SINUS TACHYCARDIA AND RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE
A. A D-dimer should be performed B. Immediate thrombolysis should be given C. A CT pulmonary angiogram should be undertaken immediately, and, if not possible, a cardiac ultrasound ✓ D. Warfarin should be given without any further investigation E. A…
WHICH PROPERTY OF A WAVE REMAINS CONSTANT WHEN THE WAVE TRAVELS FROM ONE MEDIUM INTO ANOTHER
A. Amplitude B. Wavelength C. Velocity D. Frequency ✓ When a wave travels from one medium into another, the property that remains constant is the frequency. Frequency is defined as the number of complete oscillations or cycles of a wave that occur…
A FRESHLY DEMAGNETIZED BAR MAGNET IS PLACED IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION TO ENSURE THAT
A. the molecular magnets remain randomly arranged ✓ B. the molecular magnets are properly aligned C. it is affected by the earth’s magnetic field D. the magnetic domains are within the earth’s field In this scenario, when a freshly demagnetized bar magnet…
THE PREGNANT WOMAN COMPLAINS OF NUMBNESS AND “PINS AND NEEDLES” IN HER FINGERS AND HANDS. THE CONDITION IS CALLED AS
A. Carpal tunnel syndrome ✓ B. Vericosites C. Pica D. Heart burn Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed or…
A FIBROID TUMOUR IS ALSO KNOWN AS
A. Myalgia B. Myotic C. Myoma ✓ D. Myeloma Myoma is a benign tumor that originates from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, also known as the myometrium. These tumors are commonly referred to as fibroids and are…
BLEEDING DUE TO THROMBOCYTOPENIA OFTEN OCCURS IN SMALL VESSELS, CAUSING
A. Infection B. Pruritus C. Scarring D. Petechiae and purpura ✓ Bleeding due to thrombocytopenia often occurs in small vessels, causing petechiae and purpura. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by minor bleeding from…
RITUXIMAB IS A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY USED IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TYPES OF HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. WHICH ANTIGEN DOES IT TARGET
A. CD56 B. CD20 ✓ C. CD4 D. CD8 Rituximab targets CD20, which is a specific B-cell surface antigen. In other words, Rituximab targets the CD20 antigen. CD20 is a cell surface protein that is primarily expressed on B cells,…
AN OVERWEIGHT 40-YEAR-OLD WOMAN PRESENTS WITH SEVERAL WEEKS’ HISTORY OF TIREDNESS, INCREASING JAUNDICE AND COLICKY RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT PAIN. ON THE DAY OF ADMISSION SHE HAS DEVELOPED ATTACKS OF PROFOUND SHIVERING WITH SHAKING, HIGH TEMPERATURES AND MALAISE. THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS IS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
A. Viral hepatitis B. Alcoholic hepatitis C. Biliary obstruction due to gallstones with superadded biliary sepsis ✓ D. Malaria E. Cirrhosis and urinary tract infection In the case presented, the symptoms of tiredness, increasing jaundice, colicky right upper quadrant…
IN AN OLIGURIC PATIENT, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS POINT TOWARDS FLUID DEPLETION
A. A depressed haematocrit B. An elevated jugular venous pressure C. Pulmonary oedema D. Postural hypotension ✓ E. Hypertension In an oliguric patient, postural hypotension is a sign that points towards fluid depletion. Postural hypotension refers to a drop…
A TALL THIN WOMAN AGED 26 PRESENTS WITH SUDDEN-ONSET LEFT-SIDED PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN AND BREATHLESSNESS. EXAMINATION SHOWS HER TO BE TALL AND THIN, WITH A STRAIGHT BACK, OXYGEN SATURATION 99% ON AIR, HEART RATE 70 BPM, BP 110/75 AND DECREASED BREATH SOUNDS TO THE LEFT HEMITHORAX. THE LIKELY DIAGNOSIS IS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
A. Acute coronary syndrome B. Aortic dissection C. Pneumonia D. Pneumothorax ✓ E. Pulmonary embolus A pneumothorax is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. The classic presentation includes sudden-onset…
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MARKET VALUE OF GOODS PRODUCED AND THE COST OF PRODUCTION IS
A. net profit on goods sold B. gross profit on manufacturing ✓ C. closing stock of work-in-progress D. prime cost of manufacturing To calculate the difference between the market value of goods produced and the cost of production, you would look at…
WHERE PARTNERS MAINTAIN A FLUCTUATING CAPITAL ACCOUNT, PARTNERS’ SHARE OF PROFIT IS CREDITED TO
A. capital account ✓ B. profit and loss appropriate account C. current account D. profit and loss account In partnership where partners maintain a fluctuating capital account, partners’ share of profit is credited to capital account. Steps to Determine the Answer: Partners’ share…
A LIMITATION OF THE MONEY MEASUREMENT CONCEPT IS THAT
A. it results in inaccurate financial statements B. financial statement is not easily understood C. important non-monetary activities are not reported ✓ D. the reports are not comparable to that of other businesses The money measurement concept states that only transactions that…
IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FULL DISCLOSURE OF MINOR EVENTS ARE IGNORED IN LINE WITH
A. accrual concept B. money measurement concept C. business entity concept D. materiality concept ✓ The materiality concept in accounting states that only information that would influence the economic decisions of users should be disclosed in financial statements. Minor events or transactions…
IN A FREE MARKET ECONOMY, RESOURCES ARE ALLOCATED THROUGH THE
A. government department B. price mechanisms ✓ C. trade union D. state planning committee In a free market economy, resources are allocated through the price mechanisms. In this type of economic system, decisions regarding what goods and services to produce, how…
WHEN THE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE SHIFTS OUTWARDS, THE ECONOMY EXPERIENCES
A. growth ✓ B. over-production C. inefficient use of resources D. under-production When the production possibility curve shifts outwards, it indicates that the economy is experiencing growth. This growth signifies an increase in the potential total output of goods and services that…
A PATIENT PRESENTS WITH A TESTICULAR MASS. YOU CARRY OUT A FULL CLINICAL EXAMINATION, CARRY OUT SOME BLOOD TESTS AND ARRANGE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS. WHICH BLOOD TESTS WOULD BE PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN HELPING YOU MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS
A. CA-125 B. Cytogenetics C. Lactate dehydrogenase, α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotrophin ✓ D. Carcinoembryonic antigen To make an accurate diagnosis for a patient presenting with a testicular mass, several blood tests can be particularly useful. These tests help…
A 38-YEAR-OLD MAN PRESENTS WITH A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 170/100 IN THE RIGHT ARM, AND WEAK LEG PULSES, BUT NO RADIOFEMORAL DELAY. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE
A. Aortic coarctation is excluded by the absence of radiofemoral delay. B. Aortic coarctation remains highly likely ✓ C. A cardiac ultrasound will diagnosis or exclude aortic coarctation reliably. D. A normal ECG excludes the diagnosis. E. Aortic angiography is…
BEFORE COMMENCING A PATIENT ON METFORMIN, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD NOT BE A CRUCIAL CONSIDERATION
A. Hepatic impairment B. Alcohol intake C. Renal failure D. Cardiac failure E. Risk of hypoglycaemia ✓ The risk of hypoglycemia would NOT be a crucial consideration before commencing a patient on metformin. When starting a patient on metformin, crucial considerations…
POLYURIA MAY BE CAUSED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
A. Increased antidiuretic hormone secretion B. Lithium toxicity ✓ C. Reduced serum sodium concentration D. Hypocalcaemia E. Hypoglycaemia Polyuria, which refers to excessive urination and the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, can be caused by various…
THE RETINOBLASTOMA GENE IS A TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE. WHAT CELLULAR PATHWAY IS THE RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN INVOLVED IN
A. Apoptosis B. Controlling the cell cycle ✓ C. Angiogenesis D. Immunity The retinoblastoma gene, also known as the RB1 gene, is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in controlling the cell cycle. The retinoblastoma protein…
IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS
A. Underactive B. Overactive ✓ C. Inactive D. None of the above Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in various parts of the body. This overactivity of the immune…
FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS ARE ENTRENCHED IN CONSTITUTIONS PURPOSELY TO
A. ensure freedom of speech B. guarantee the liberty of citizens ✓ C. promote good governance D. promote trade The purpose of entrenching Fundamental Human Rights in constitutions is to guarantee the liberty of citizens. This means that every individual has…
THE SET OF ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS THAT DETERMINE THE BEHAVIOUR OF CITIZENS IN A POLITICAL SYSTEM IS CALLED
A. socialization B. political culture ✓ C. representative government D. devolution Political culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, and practices that influence how individuals behave within a specific political framework. These attitudes and beliefs shape various aspects of citizen engagement, such as…
POETRY IS WRITTEN IN
A. chapters B. paragraphs C. scenes D. lines ✓ Poetry is a form of literary expression that uses concise and evocative language to convey emotions, ideas, and experiences. One of the defining features of poetry is its use of lines, which are…
CONFLICT IN A LITERARY WORK BEGINS TO UNFOLD WITH
A. climax ✓ B. episode C. exposition D. resolution In literature, conflict is a key element that drives the plot forward and engages the audience. The conflict in a literary work typically begins to unfold with the climax. The climax is the turning…
WHY IS THERE INCREASED EXCRETION OF CALCIUM IN THE CASE OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. In cases of hyperparathyroidism, there is increased excretion…
THE MOST SERIOUS TYPE OF SKIN CANCER IS
A. Basal cell carcinoma B. Melanoma ✓ C. Sarcoma D. Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin, which gives skin its color. It is considered the most serious type…
MUTATIONS IN BRCA2
A. Act as protective genes in reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer B. Are irrelevant in prostate cancer C. Increase the risk of developing prostate cancer ✓ D. Cause the prostate gland to shrink BRCA2 is a tumor…
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY REASON FOR ADMINISTERING MORPHINE TO A CLIENT WITH A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
A. To sedate the person B. To decrease the person’s anxiety C. To decrease oxygen demand on the person’s heart ✓ D. To decrease the person’s pain Administering morphine to a client with a myocardial infarction (MI) primarily aims…
AS CARTILAGE DETERIORATES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS, BONE SPURS CAN DEVELOP AND GROW NEAR THE END OF THE BONE IN THE AFFECTED JOINT. BONE SPURS ARE ALSO CALLED
A. Osteomyelitis B. Osteopenia C. Osteoporosis D. Osteophytes ✓ Osteophytes, commonly known as bone spurs, are bony projections that form along joint margins in response to cartilage degeneration and other joint changes associated with osteoarthritis. These bone spurs can…
A HEAT SENSITIVE RESISTOR MADE OF A SEMICONDUCTOR IS CALLED
A. thermometer B. thermostat C. thermistor ✓ D. thermopile Thermistors are electronic components that exhibit a large change in resistance with a small change in temperature. They are commonly used in various applications such as temperature sensing, temperature compensation,…
THE REASON FOR LAMINATING THE SOFT IRON CORE OF A TRANSFORMER IS TO
A. reduce eddy current ✓ B. reduce magnetic flux C. increase the magnetic flux D. reduce its efficiency The reason for laminating the soft iron core of a transformer is to reduce eddy currents. Laminating the core involves insulating…
TAWAFUL WADAI MEANS
A. visiting the prophet’s grave B. farewell circumambulation ✓ C. Tawaf al-Ifadan D. visitation to the orphans in Makkah Tawaful Wadai refers to the “Farewell Circumambulation” or “Tawaf Al-Wida” in Islam. It is the final act of worship performed by pilgrims who…
IN WHICH SURAH IS MAKING SHOW IN WORSHIP CONDEMNED
A. Suratul Fil B. Kafirun C. Lahab D. Ma’un ✓ In the Islamic faith, making a show in worship is condemned in Surah Al-Ma’un. This Surah is the 107th chapter of the Quran and addresses the importance of sincerity and genuine devotion…
ACCORDING TO PHARAOH’S DREAM, WHAT DID THE SEVEN GAUNT AND THIN COWS THAT CAME OUT OF THE NILE RIVER DO? THEY
A. terrified him in his dream B. fed on the reed grass C. ate all the seven ears of grains D. ate up the seven sleek and fat cows ✓ According to Pharaoh’s dream, the seven gaunt and thin cows that came…
ON THE FIFTH DAY, THE MANIFESTATION OF THE POWER OF GOD’S WORD WAS EVIDENT IN THE CREATION OF THE
A. earth B. moon and stars C. fishes and birds ✓ D. vegetation On the fifth day, the manifestation of the power of God’s word was evident in the creation of fishes and birds. According to Genesis 1:20–23, on this day, God spoke…
WHAT IS THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode proteins responsible for presenting antigens to the immune system. These proteins are crucial for the recognition of self and non-self cells, playing a key role in immune responses,…
HOW ARE ORGANS PRESERVED ONCE REMOVED FROM THE DONOR
Organs are preserved once removed from the donor through a process called organ preservation. This process is crucial to maintain the viability and functionality of the organs before they are transplanted into the recipient’s body. There are several methods used…
PHACOEMULSIFICATION IS
A. A complication of cataract surgery B. The most common cause of cataract C. The most common type of cataract surgery ✓ D. An infection Phacoemulsification is a modern surgical technique used in ophthalmology for cataract removal. It involves the use of ultrasound…
IN POSTOPERATIVE CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT THE PERSON SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO
A. Reduce mobility B. Drink 3 L of fluid as soon as possible C. Splint the incision when coughing and moving ✓ D. Close the eyes when coughing In postoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery, it is essential for…
WHEN THE SPLEEN IS PERFORMING POORLY THIS IS KNOWN AS
A. Splenomegaly B. Hepatomegaly C. Hyposplenism ✓ D. Hypersplenism Hyposplenism refers to a condition where the spleen is performing poorly or inadequately. It is characterized by reduced or impaired splenic function, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to…
SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN A REACTION PATHWAY BUT NOT IN THE OVERALL REACTION ARE KNOWN AS
A. Reactants B. Inhibitors C. Products D. Intermediates ✓ In a chemical reaction, species that occur in a reaction pathway but not in the overall reaction are known as intermediates. These intermediates are the transient chemical species that are formed during the reaction…
A MIXTURE CONTAINING TWO SALTS OF DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY CAN BE SEPARATED BY
A. chromatography B. crystallization ✓ C. distillation D. evaporation Crystallization is the most suitable method for separating a mixture containing two salts of different solubility. This technique takes advantage of the varying solubilities of the salts in a solvent. When…