MEANING OF CAPITAL Two schools of thought or views appear to hold sway in the definition of...
COMMERCE
Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal communication which is directed to the customers...
Marketing consists of the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from...
MARKET RESEARCH Market research is the study of consumers’ demand by a firm in order to assist...
Marketing mix is a collection of controllable factors that can be used to influence the behaviour of...
A product may be defined as a bundle of physical and psychological satisfaction that a buyer receives...
Price is the money consideration for goods and services, i.e ., the exchange value, whereas price mix...
Place mix is concerned with the distribution of goods and services to the consumers at the required...
Publicity Publicity may be defined as news about products or companies, appearing in the form of editorial...
Sales promotion can be defined as any activity that is used to stimulate sales of a product....
Personal selling involves the direct personal contact of sellers with the potential buyers with view to making...
Promotion mix deals with the communication aspect. The purpose is to make the goods and services known...
Packaging involves the development of a container and a graphic design for a product. A package can...
Liquidation is the process of winding up or bringing a company to an end, i.e ., the...
Merger is the coming together or amalgamation of two or more firms to form one new company....
A company can be defined as a legal person or entity created by the association of a...
MEANING OF COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS Commercial documents are official papers which facilitate the act of buying and selling...
Water transport is the means of conveying goods and people from one place to another through the...
Transport by air is the system of moving goods and passengers through the air by aeroplanes, helicopters...
Transport by pipeline is a system of transporting gasses and liquid products from one place to another...
Transport by land is the means of conveying goods and passengers from one place to another through...
Transportation is one of the aids to trade. It is the process of conveying goods and people...
A partnership business may be established without any formality although the partners have certain unavoidable obligations to...
Dissolution of partnership is the coming to an end of a partnership agreement. It is the breakup...
Bank is a commercial institution which performs various financial activities, e.g. accepting and handling of deposits of...
Credit unions and thrift societies may be referred to as the coming together of a group of...
Underwriting: This is the process whereby a merchant of insurance company undertakes to cover, underwrite a portion...
Fire Insurance is a type of insurance which provides cover for loss or damage caused by burning....
Life Assurance is one important branch of insurance which is taken as a protection against loss caused...
Marine insurance is a branch of insurance which covers losses or liabilities relating to ship and their...
There are various risks which a business should Insure against. These constitute the various types of insurance,...
Insurance can be defined as an agreement whereby one party promises to indemnify or pay another party...
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN COMMERCIAL STUDIES There are various career opportunities available for people in the job market,...
ORGANISATIONAL SET UP The organisational set up of a business involves the allocation of responsibilities and functions...
NATIONALISATION Nationalisation is a deliberate policy by which government takes over the control and ownership of private...
Formation: The International Monetary Fund was set up after the Second World War in order to encourage...
Formation: The Niger Basin Commission (NBC) was established by countries located in the Niger basin to maintain...
Formation: The Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) is an organisation set up to foster cooperation among countries...
Foreign trade, otherwise called international trade, is the exchange of goods and services between two or more...
Production can simply be defined as the creation of utility or production is the creation of goods...
HISTORY OF COMMERCE IN NIGERIA In the olden days, people engaged in subsistence production. This means they...
MEANING OF COMMERCE Commerce can simply be defined as all the activities involved in the distribution and...
MEANING OF CREDIT Credit occurs when a seller grants permission to a buyer to take possession and...
TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE DOCUMENTS There are various documents which facilitate international trade. These documents are as...
MEANING OF STOCK EXCHANGE Stock exchange market is a highly organised market where investors can buy and...
MEANING OF PAYMENT Payment can be defined as the process or means of settling financial or business...
Wholesaling is a business activity which entails buying of goods in bulk from the producer and selling in...
Small scale retailing is retail trading with small scope of operations. Little capital can be used to...
Home trade is the act of buying and selling goods within a geographical area, usually a country....
Exchange is the process of giving out value in order to have something of value in return....
