THE MECHANISM OF MARINE EROSION
The most powerful agents of marine erosion are waves. Their origin is due to the sweeping of winds over the water surface, which sets a series of undulating swells surging forward. These become higher and swifter. A normal wave in…
THE ACTION OF WAVES, TIDES AND CURRENTS
The action of the wind passing over a stretch of sea causes waves to develop and when the waves reach the coast they cause erosion or deposition. Wind passing over water sets up turbulences, which causes ripples and then waves…
ALIMENTARY CANAL OF PLANARIA
Planaria is a free-living, flat, slender and small worm. The digestive tract consists of a ventrally placed mouth, muscular pharynx and intestine. The pharynx can be protruded from the mouth when attacking a prey. The pharynx leads into the intestine.…
ORGAN OF SIGHT
The eyes are the organs of sight in the higher invertebrates and all vertebrates. They (eyes) are equipped with photo receptors (rods and cones) to detect light. Most of these animals have two eyes. In man, the eyes are more…
LOCATION AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF AFRICA
Regional Geography Regional geography is usually defined as the study of the ways in which the combinations of environmental and human factors produce territories or regions with distinctive landscapes and cultural attributes. What this means is that the general appearance…
POWER SOURCES IN AFRICA
Energy/ Power Sources Africa has various sources of energy or power distributed unevenly over Africa. The main sources of power are Hydro-Electricity Power (HEP), coal, mineral oil, thermal power and nuclear power. Africa accounts for 8% of the world’s known…
PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN AFRICA
Africa’s primary economic activities depend essentially on primary activities, which are associated with the natural resources that abound in the continent. The main primary economic activities are mining, forest exploitation/lumbering, fishing and livestock rearing. Mining Activities Africa is blessed…
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN AFRICA
There are a number of international organizations in Africa formed with the aim of promoting peace, social integration, economic cooperation and development of member nation states. These include the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Economic…
LANDFORMS OF GLACIATED LOWLANDS
Landforms of glaciated lowlands are mainly depositional in nature, brought about by both valley glacier and continental ice sheets. The former leave behind the eroded material in only restricted areas. The imprint of ice sheets on the landscape is far…
LANDFORMS OF HIGHLAND GLACIATION
Glaciation generally gives rise to erosional features in the highlands and depositional features on the lowlands, though these processes are not not mutually mu exclusive because a glacier plays a combined role of erosion, transport and deposition throughout its course.…
ALIMENTARY CANAL OF BIRDS
Mouth The mouth has a horny covered tongue to facilitate swallowing of food substances to the oesophagus. There are no teeth. The lower and upper lips have been modified into sharp strong beaks for picking of food substances such as…
CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF OCEAN CURRENTS
1) Temperatures: Coastlands with warm currents offshore tend to have mild climates for their latitudes. Coastlands with cold currents off-shore are cooler than they would otherwise be. The effect of a warm current off-shore is especially pronounced if the prevailing…
THE CIRCULATION OF THE PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEAN
The Circulation of the Pacific Ocean The pattern of circulation in the Pacific is similar to that of the Atlantic except in modifications which can be expected from the greater size and the more open nature of the Pacific. The…
THE CIRCULATION OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
Let us now study more closely the circulation of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean. We shall begin with the North and South Equatorial Current at the equator. The steady Trade Winds constantly drift two streams of water from east…
THE MOVEMENT OF OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents are large masses of surface water that circulate in regular patterns around the oceans, as shown in the world map in Fig. 12.9. Those that flow from equatorial regions polewards have a higher surface temperature and are warm…
THE TEMPERATURE OF OCEAN WATER
Like land masses, ocean water varies in temperature from place to place both at the surface and at great depths. Since water warms up and cools down much more slowly than the land, the annual range of temperature in any…
CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF HEREDITY
Within the nucleus of non-dividing cells are strands or string-like structures known as chromosomes. As the cell is about to divide, the chromatids become more visible as strands with bead-like structures on them. These are the chromosomes and contain genes,…
SALINITY OF THE OCEAN
Almost every known chemical element can be found in varying proportions in the oceans whose most characteristic feature is their salinity, in contrast to the fresh water of lakes and streams. All sea water of which sodium chloride or common…
THE RELIEF OF THE OCEAN
The ocean basins are in many ways similar to the land surface. There are submarine ridges, plateaux, canyons, plains and trenches. A section drawn across an ocean (Fig. 12.4) illustrates the typical submarine relief features. 1) The continental…
MECHANISM OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN LOWER ANIMALS
Unicellular Organisms There are no special respiratory organs in unicellular and aquatic organisms such as Amoeba and Paramecium. Oxygen that dissolves in water diffuses into the body while carbon dioxide goes out of the body through the entire body surface.…
LANDFORMS OF WIND DEPOSITION IN DESERTS
Materials that have been eroded and transported by winds must come to rest somewhere. The finest dust travels enormous distances in the air, and may be moved completely out of the desert. It has been estimated that some dust grains…
LANDFORMS OF WIND EROSION IN DESERTS
In the combined processes of abrasion, deflation and attrition, a wealth of characteristic desert landforms emerge. 1) Rock pedestals or mushroom rocks: The sand-blasting effect of winds against any projecting rock masses wear back the softer layer so that an…
THE MECHANISM OF ARID EROSION
Arid landforms are as a result of many combined factors, one reacting upon the other. Insufficient rainfall, often less than 127 mm (5 inches), coming at most irregular periods, coupled with very high temperatures (31°C/87°F, is the average) and a…
THE RISE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Man’s universal demand for food, clothing, shelter and other comforts of life has prompted the creation of many new things. Foods are preserved or canned to last longer. Modern homes have telephones, television sets, refrigerators, washing machines and other luxuries.…
TYPE OF DESERTS
About a fifth of the world’s land is made up of deserts, some rocky, others stony and the rest sandy. Deserts that are absolutely barren and where nothing grows at all are rare and they are better known as ‘true…
DETAILED EXPLANATION OF REINSURANCE
MEANING OF REINSURANCE This refers to an arrangement whereby an insurer, having accepted risk beyond his financial capacity, cedes part of the risk to another insurer. There are two parties involved in reinsurance: the ceding company and reinsurer. The ceding…
DETAILED EXPLANATION OF LIFE ASSURANCE
Life assurance deals with insurance of human life either in death, retirement, disability, etc. It has to do with situations that will definitely happen but when and how it will happen is not known. That is why in life, the…
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF BLOOD
Structure of the blood The blood is a tissue in a fluid form. An adult man has about 5-6 litres of blood. Blood is made up of two major components: the blood cells or corpuscles which are solid. the plasma…
CARE OF THE EYES, NOSE AND EAR
Care of the eyes Use good light when reading or doing any fine work such as sewing. Poor light strains the eyes. Do not rub the eye when you have something in it. Do not wash your eyes with disinfectant…
CARE OF THE HAIR
The different parts of the human body are very important for healthy life. These parts require good care and grooming so that they can function properly. You need to understand how to take care of each of these parts in…
NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF INSURANCE DOCUMENT
The various types of documents used in insurance business are: The Proposal form. The cover notes. The insurance certificate. Policy document. THE PROPOSAL FORM This is a questionnaire designed by the insurer to the proposer to complete in compliance…
FORMS OF DATABASE ORGANIZATION
There are four structural types of database management systems: hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented. 1) Hierarchical Database: A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The structure allows representing information…
FUNCTIONS OF INSURANCE
INTRODUCTION Risk cannot be eliminated completely. Rather it can only be minimized through provision of financial compensation to the insured that suffers the loss. This can either be individual or business organisation. For example, a man can take up educational…
THE CONCEPT OF RISK
DEFINITION OF RISK There is no universally accepted definition of risk. It could be defined from any side or angle one is looking at it. Risk has been variously defined by different scholars. Some of these definitions are: Risk is…
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE
The origin of modern insurance dates back to the practice of merchants in Italy as early as the 12th century. By the 14th century, marine insurance which is the oldest form of insurance had become established in Italy. By the…
ELEMENTS AND ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF AN INSURANCE CONTRACT
ELEMENTS OF AN INSURANCE CONTRACT A contract of insurance requires the presence of the following: Offer. Acceptance. Intention to create legal obligation. Legality of the object. Capacity to contract. 1) Offer: An offer comes from the insured. It is…
DEFINITION OF INSURANCE
Insurance can be seen as a wiseman arrangement of transferring a future loss to someone else by the way of paying a peanut now. It can also be defined as the agreement whereby one party promises to pay (indemnify) another…
APPLICATION AREAS OF ICT
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communications Technology. A good way to think about ICT is to consider all the uses of digital technology that already exist to help individuals, businesses and organisations use information. ICT covers…
CONCEPT OF COMPUTER FILES OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1) A file extension is separated from the main file name with a(n) _ but no spaces. a) question mark. b) exclamation mark. c) underscore. d) None of the above. 2) A collection of interrelated…
BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1) _ is any part of the computer that you can physically touch. a) Hardware. b) A device. c) A peripheral. d) An application. 2) The metal or plastic case that holds all the physical…
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1) _ is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that human do. a) Nanoscience. b) Nanotechnology. c) Simulation. d) Artificial Intelligence. 2) The components that process data…
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER NETWORK
Computer network can be classified into three. They are Network Classification Based on Geographic Proximity. Network Classification Based on Host Roles. Network Classification Based on Network Topologies. Network Classification Based On Geographic Proximity 1) Local Area Network (LAN): The…
BENEFITS OF NETWORKING
Sharing information: The computer can help you centralize the information and maintain control over it if you select one computer to store the shared information and have all other computers reference the information on that computer over the network. Sharing…
CONCEPT OF COMPUTER FILES
Many tasks in an information oriented society require people to deal with voluminous data and to use computers to deal with this data efficiently and speedily. FILE TERMINOLOGIES a) Files deal with storage and retrieval of data in a computer.…
BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, hard drive disk, mouse, printers, graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips, etc all of which are physical objects that you can actually…
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Computers are available in different sizes and types. Some computers are designed to be used by a single user only, whereas some computers can handle the needs of many users simultaneously. Computers also differ based on their data-processing abilities. In…
SOME VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
In the history of mankind perhaps the most disastrous eruptions were those of Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Krakatoa and Mt. Pelee. Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Vesuvius, standing 1200m (4000 feet) above the Bay of Naples, erupted violently on 24 August A.D.…
PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS
A) Plastic Plastics are manufactured through the combination of several different compounds obtained chiefly from cellulose, coal and petroleum. There are numerous techniques or methods for producing plastic objects. Some of these are Blow moulding, Injection moulding, Rotational moulding, Thermoset…
PROCESSING OF CERAMICS
A) Methods of Making Clay In order to process ceramics, mud, or clay is obtained and cleared of all plant material, stones, paper, metal scraps, wooden pieces and other impurities. Afterwards, it is mixed with water and thoroughly pounded until…
PROCESSING OF METALS
Many metals do not naturally exist in a free state in the ground. They occur in association with other substances collectively referred to as impurities. The combination of these impurities and the metal is referred to as the ore. It…
Study Guide
