THE ARCTIC OR POLAR CLIMATE
Distribution The polar type of climate and vegetation is found mainly north of the Arctic Circle in the northern hemisphere. The ice caps are confined to Greenland and to the highlands of these high-latitude regions, where the ground is permanently…
THE ICE AGE
During the earth’s history, there have been many changes in the pattern of climatic regions. The most recent change came about as a result of a fall in temperature over the whole of the earth’s surface, so that the area…
THE CIRCULATION OF THE PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEAN
The Circulation of the Pacific Ocean The pattern of circulation in the Pacific is similar to that of the Atlantic except in modifications which can be expected from the greater size and the more open nature of the Pacific. The…
THE CIRCULATION OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
Let us now study more closely the circulation of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean. We shall begin with the North and South Equatorial Current at the equator. The steady Trade Winds constantly drift two streams of water from east…
THE MOVEMENT OF OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents are large masses of surface water that circulate in regular patterns around the oceans, as shown in the world map in Fig. 12.9. Those that flow from equatorial regions polewards have a higher surface temperature and are warm…
THE TEMPERATURE OF OCEAN WATER
Like land masses, ocean water varies in temperature from place to place both at the surface and at great depths. Since water warms up and cools down much more slowly than the land, the annual range of temperature in any…
SALINITY OF THE OCEAN
Almost every known chemical element can be found in varying proportions in the oceans whose most characteristic feature is their salinity, in contrast to the fresh water of lakes and streams. All sea water of which sodium chloride or common…
THE RELIEF OF THE OCEAN
The ocean basins are in many ways similar to the land surface. There are submarine ridges, plateaux, canyons, plains and trenches. A section drawn across an ocean (Fig. 12.4) illustrates the typical submarine relief features. 1) The continental…
EXPLORING THE OCEANS
The oceans occupy more than 70 per cent or 364 million sq km (140 million square miles) of the earth’s total area of 510 million sq km (197 million square miles). They have tremendous development potential. Besides being a source…
LANDFORMS DUE TO WATER ACTION IN THE DESERTS
Wind erosion, transportation and deposition are most effective and widespread in desert regions, but few deserts in the world are entirely without rain or water. In some deserts, there are perennial rivers such as the Nile in Egypt which has…
THE MECHANISM OF ARID EROSION
Arid landforms are as a result of many combined factors, one reacting upon the other. Insufficient rainfall, often less than 127 mm (5 inches), coming at most irregular periods, coupled with very high temperatures (31°C/87°F, is the average) and a…
THE RISE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Man’s universal demand for food, clothing, shelter and other comforts of life has prompted the creation of many new things. Foods are preserved or canned to last longer. Modern homes have telephones, television sets, refrigerators, washing machines and other luxuries.…
CARE OF THE EYES, NOSE AND EAR
Care of the eyes Use good light when reading or doing any fine work such as sewing. Poor light strains the eyes. Do not rub the eye when you have something in it. Do not wash your eyes with disinfectant…
CARE OF THE HAIR
The different parts of the human body are very important for healthy life. These parts require good care and grooming so that they can function properly. You need to understand how to take care of each of these parts in…
THE CONCEPT OF RISK
DEFINITION OF RISK There is no universally accepted definition of risk. It could be defined from any side or angle one is looking at it. Risk has been variously defined by different scholars. Some of these definitions are: Risk is…
ENTERTAINMENT IN THE HOME
The family as a group or individual members often receives and entertains visitors or guests in the home, on occasions such as birthdays, child naming ceremonies, parties, etc. These occasions require different kinds of preparations and refreshments or food. You…
SOME VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
In the history of mankind perhaps the most disastrous eruptions were those of Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Krakatoa and Mt. Pelee. Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Vesuvius, standing 1200m (4000 feet) above the Bay of Naples, erupted violently on 24 August A.D.…
THE FORMATION AND ORIGIN OF LAKES
Lakes are amongst the most varied features of the earth’s surface. They occupy the hollows of the land surface in which water accumulates. They vary tremendously in size, shape, depth and mode of formation. The tiny ones are no bigger…
THE PROMISE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
(John 14:15-28: Acts 1:3-5) After the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, he made several appearances to the disciples within a period of forty days. He gave them the Great Commission to evangelize the whole world by teaching and…
THE ORIGINS OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM
Christianity and Islam have a common origin. Both religions trace their origins to the same ancestor: Abraham. Abraham had two sons, Ishmael and Isaac. While the Muslims trace their descent from Ishmael, the Christians trace theirs from Isaac. When Abraham…
THE MINISTRY OF PETER
Peter and Simon, the Magician (Acts 8:14-25) Peter was the first disciple to be called by Jesus. Later Jesus appointed him to lead the Church, after his death and resurrection. Jesus did this when he referred to Peter as the…
PAUL TEACHINGS ON THE DIGNITY OF LABOUR AND OBEDIENCE TO CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY
Paul’s teaching on: ‘The Dignity of Labour’ (2 Thessalonians 3:6-15; Colossians 3:23) Dignity means respect and labour means work. Therefore, dignity of labour refers to respect for all types of decent work. Paul’s teaching on ‘the dignity of labour’ was…
THE CHURCH COUNCIL AT JERUSALEM
Acts 15:1-35 After Paul’s first missionary journey, many foreigners had joined the Church which was from the beginning confined to the Jewish Christians. Then some of the Jewish Christians came from Judea and taught that unless the foreigners were circumcised…
SELECTION OF THE SEVEN DEACONS
Acts 6:7-7 In order to solve the problem of discrimination or partiality in the distribution of food and other items among the early Christians, the apostles discussed the matter. Peter said the apostles could not leave the work of God…
JESUS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS LAWS
(Matthew 5:17-20) Laws are made to control the behaviour of people in a society so that everyone can go about his or her work in safety and in peace. Without laws there would be lawlessness, disorderliness, chaos and destruction of…
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY VALUES ON LIFE STYLES
Value describes why people act they do. Your values or the values of your family will normally move you to do certain things. Meanings of values and life styles Value is the worth placed on an item. Value cannot…
THE HOME
Every family needs a shelter. A house provides this shelter. There are differences between a house and a home. Certain factors are necessary to convert a house into a home. In some homes domestic violence occurs. It is necessary that…
STRUCTURES, PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is made up of different parts. Some parts are inside the body while others are outside. Some parts of the body are the head, eyes, nose, ears, teeth, skin, hands, fingers, nails and feet. The Hair…
THE PROVISIONS IN THE PARTNERSHIP DEEDS
A partnership business may be established without any formality although the partners have certain unavoidable obligations to third parties, they may make such agreement between themselves in respect of the internal management of the firm. It is accordingly usual for…
IMPORTANCE OF THE RULE OF LAW
The concept of the rule of law was made popular by Professor A.V. Dicey in his book Enspirit De Law published in 1885. According to Dicey, rule of law means absence of arbitrary government. Rule of law also point out…
THE ORGANS OR ARMS OF GOVERNMENT
The organs or arms of government are three. They are: the Executive, Legislature and the Judiciary. These organs of government are the pillars upon which democratic institution rests. The Executive: This is the organ of government that implements laws…
THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE
Every simple sentence must have two basic elements which are: i. the thing/person we are talking about ii. what the thing/person is doing. The thing/person we are talking about indicated in (i) above is called the subject of the sentence.…
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spinal column, is the central supporting structure of the skeleton. The vertebral column forms the backbone of vertebrate animals and protects the spinal cord. It is made up of five groups…
THE ROLES OF NIGERIAN NATIONALIST TAFAWA BALEWA
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was born in December 1912 in the town of Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi (Bauchi State). He attended Tafawa Balewa Primary School from 1922-1925. He proceeded to Bauchi Middle School 1925-1928. From Bauchi Middle School, he moved to Katsina…
THE ROLES OF NIGERIAN NATIONALIST NNAMDI AZIKIWE
Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe was born in Zungeru town (now in Niger State) on the 16th of November 1904 to an immigrant Ibo family from the then Eastern Nigeria. He was popularly and simply called Zik. His father was a clerk…
Study Guide
