TIMBER GROWTH AND FELLING
Wood is obtained from trees. When it has not been processed for use, it is typically referred to as timber. Trees are renewable materials, although they grow very slowly, some good quality hardwoods require 50 or more years to mature.…
WOOD PRESERVATION
Because the sapwood of trees contain water, food, salts, air and warmth, wood is often attacked by fungi, termites, insects and other pestiferous organisms. Since woods usually contain varying amounts of these substances, the rate of attack differs with wood…
CORAL REEFS
In tropical seas many kinds of coral animals and marine organisms such as coral polyps, calcareous algae, shell-forming creatures and lime-secreting plants live in large colonies. Though they are very tiny creatures, their ability to secrete calcium carbonate within their…
THE FORMATION AND ORIGIN OF LAKES
Lakes are amongst the most varied features of the earth’s surface. They occupy the hollows of the land surface in which water accumulates. They vary tremendously in size, shape, depth and mode of formation. The tiny ones are no bigger…
ISLANDS
An island is a piece of land surrounded on all sides by water. It may occur individually or in a group, in open oceans or seas. Smaller ones of only local significance are found even in lakes and rivers. Generally…
LAKES AND MAN
A careful examination of the lakes of the world will reveal their immense human significance. In countries where they are found in abundance, such as Finland, Canada, U.S.A ., Sweden and the East African States, lakes, together with other inland…
BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Electronics is concerned with the theory design, and application of devices to control streams of electrons moving through solids, liquids, gases, and spaces, which are free of air (vacuums). Electronics is a very wide field. It is a specialized branch…
SIMPLE METAL WORK PROJECTS
Metal Finishing Metal finishing refers to any of the techniques used to create a decorative or protective surface on a metallic surface. Metals differ in their degree of luster. They range from very dull to very bright. Finishing is used…
CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY
The word technology refers to ways of making or doing things. It includes all the methods through which people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and wants. Over a very long period of time, people all over…
INTRODUCTION TO METALWORK MACHINES
Introduction Metalwork is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies or large-scale structures. Types and Functions of Metalwork Machines There are different types of metalwork machine, which include a wide variety of equipment used to…
USES OF COSMETICS AND DEODORANTS
Regular use of deodorants is important. Young people however require very little make-up because they still have natural beauty and complexion. They may decide to use make-ups at later age to hide blemishes and wrinkles. It is necessary that you…
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC MACHINES
Introduction In many industries, there are three main methods for power transmission from one point to another. They are electrical transmission, which is through wire and transformers; mechanical transmission, which is through shafts, gears, belts, chains etc.; and the last…
HEALTHY FEEDING HABITS
The human body is like a machine. It therefore needs fuel to do its work. It also needs good maintenance and regular repair. These needs are met by the food we eat. It is therefore important that you know the…
GEARS
Introduction A gear is a toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction or it can be a complete assembly that performs a specific…
FIRST AID
Introduction When working or playing in any environment, accidents or injuries usually occur, hence, the need for first aid treatment. First Aid: Meaning and Materials First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a victim of an…
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Introduction Diseases distrupt the normal functioning of the body. They are manifested by a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. Diseases can be prevented by early detection, treatment, monitoring and management. Meaning of Non-communicable Diseases Non-communicable diseases also known…
WOODWORK MACHINES
All machines are tools that help people to make things or make work easy. A woodwork machine is a machine that is used to process wood. Woodworking is an art or process of making items from wood. There are two…
BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES
A belt drive system is a method of transferring rotary motion between two shafts. A belt drive includes one pulley on each shaft and one or more continuous belts over the two pulleys. The motion of the driving pulley is…
RESCUE OPERATIONS
People are often involved in dangerous or harmful situations. They therefore, need to be saved or rescued from such situations to prevent loss of lives and property. Meaning of Rescue Operations Rescue operations are responsive operations usually involving the…
THERMAL ENERGY
Introduction Thermal energy simply means heat energy. The sun is the largest source of thermal energy to the Earth. Virtually all life on the earth rely on the sun’s energy, which reaches us in a vast spectrum of wavelengths –…
KINETIC ENERGY ASSUMPTIONS
The question about what things are made of started as far back as the 5th century B.C. when a Greek Philosopher, Democritus, first expressed his opinion that matter is made up of indivisible tiny particles which he called atoms. Scientists…
SOLDERING AND BRAZING
Meaning of Soldering and Brazing Soldering is a method of joining two metals surfaces by melting an alloy between them. It is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler…
METAL PROCESSING METHODS
A metal is a product from iron ore. Iron ore is the raw form of iron dug from the ground. When in this raw form, it contains impurities. To change iron ore into usable forms, the impurities have to be…
PUBERTY, PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ADOLESCENCE
At about twelve to fourteen years of age you begin to experience certain changes in your body. These changes are signs of puberty. Adolescence follows puberty. Both boys and girls experience different body changes at puberty. It is important that…
EXERCISES
Exercises are very important for body fitness. There are many types of exercises. Some can be focused on certain parts of the body, such as waist, arms and abdomen. Examples of exercises are jumping, running, walking, dancing, swimming, playing games…
PERSONAL CLOTHING
Clothes are garments, dresses or articles worn on the body. Clothing is very important for health. It is therefore a basic human need. There are many reasons why we wear clothes. There are also certain points that must be considered…
THE PROMISE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
(John 14:15-28: Acts 1:3-5) After the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, he made several appearances to the disciples within a period of forty days. He gave them the Great Commission to evangelize the whole world by teaching and…
THE ORIGINS OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM
Christianity and Islam have a common origin. Both religions trace their origins to the same ancestor: Abraham. Abraham had two sons, Ishmael and Isaac. While the Muslims trace their descent from Ishmael, the Christians trace theirs from Isaac. When Abraham…
PAUL EARLY LIFE AND CONVERSION
Paul’s nativity and education (Acts 22:1-5, 26-30) Sometime after the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, another boy was born to a Jewish family. This Jewish family was living abroad in the town of Tarsus in the city of Cilicia in…
TEACHINGS THAT WILL FOSTER UNITY
The Bible contains teachings that will foster greater unity among the various denominations in Nigeria. These include: Faith and works. Humility. Impartiality. Forgiveness. When we practice the teachings of: Christian Giving, Faith and Works, Humility, Impartiality and Forgiveness among…
CHRISTIAN GIVING
Giving is an act of charity. It may take the form of donating money for a worthy cause. Giving may also take the form of sacrificing our time, effort or energy for a worthy cause. It may further mean taking…
CHRISTIANS LIVING AMONG NON-CHRISTIANS
Christians living in the community (1 Peter 2:9-25; Matthew 5:13-16) The community is made up of a group of people living in an area or neighborhood. As Christians we live in the community with others who are not Christians. …
PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE
The word peaceful is derived from the word: Peace. Peace describes a situation or condition in which there is no war, no violence, no fighting, no quarrelling, no disorderliness, no intolerance, no disagreement, no misunderstanding, no division, no disunity, and…
THE MINISTRY OF PETER
Peter and Simon, the Magician (Acts 8:14-25) Peter was the first disciple to be called by Jesus. Later Jesus appointed him to lead the Church, after his death and resurrection. Jesus did this when he referred to Peter as the…
PAUL AND HIS TRIALS
Paul’s arrival in Jerusalem and his arrest (Acts 21:17-40) When Paul arrived in Jerusalem, he was arrested, and tried before the Jewish Council. A plot was hatched to kill him, and he was rescued and taken to Caesarea. Paul was…
PAUL TEACHING ON LOVE
1 Corinthians 13:4-8, 13 In his letter to the Corinthians, Paul taught about the qualities of love in order to help us understand what love is all about. Paul wrote that: ‘Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous…
PAUL TEACHINGS ON THE DIGNITY OF LABOUR AND OBEDIENCE TO CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY
Paul’s teaching on: ‘The Dignity of Labour’ (2 Thessalonians 3:6-15; Colossians 3:23) Dignity means respect and labour means work. Therefore, dignity of labour refers to respect for all types of decent work. Paul’s teaching on ‘the dignity of labour’ was…
THE CHURCH COUNCIL AT JERUSALEM
Acts 15:1-35 After Paul’s first missionary journey, many foreigners had joined the Church which was from the beginning confined to the Jewish Christians. Then some of the Jewish Christians came from Judea and taught that unless the foreigners were circumcised…
PAUL FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY
Acts 13 and 14 After his conversion to Christianity, Paul began to preach in Damascus that Jesus was the Son of God. The Jews in Damascus did not like the idea that Paul had joined the Christians and was preaching…
PAUL THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY
Paul in Ephesus: (Acts 18:23-28; 19:1-41) Paul’s third missionary journey took him to Ephesus. Paul first went to Caesarea and greeted the members of the Church there. From there he came to Antioch and to Galatia and Phrygia. Meanwhile a…
PAUL IN ATHENS
Acts 17:16-34 From Philippi, Paul and companions, Silas and Timothy came to Thessalonica where he (Paul) was well received by both the Jews and the Greeks. But some of the unbelieving Jews in Thessalonica persecuted the apostles. So, Paul and…
PAUL SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY
Acts 15:36, 18;22 Paul separated from Barnabas on the second missionary journey because of John Mark who wanted to accompany them again. John Mark had abandoned Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary journey. Paul refused and Barnabas went off…
SELECTION OF THE SEVEN DEACONS
Acts 6:7-7 In order to solve the problem of discrimination or partiality in the distribution of food and other items among the early Christians, the apostles discussed the matter. Peter said the apostles could not leave the work of God…
JESUS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS LAWS
(Matthew 5:17-20) Laws are made to control the behaviour of people in a society so that everyone can go about his or her work in safety and in peace. Without laws there would be lawlessness, disorderliness, chaos and destruction of…
JESUS AND HIS FAMILY
Names of Jesus’ siblings (Matthew 13:53-56; 12:46-50) After the birth of Jesus, Joseph and Mary had other children, both boys and girls. The boys were James, Joses, Simon and Judas. The names of Jesus’ sisters were not mentioned. Jesus…
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY VALUES ON LIFE STYLES
Value describes why people act they do. Your values or the values of your family will normally move you to do certain things. Meanings of values and life styles Value is the worth placed on an item. Value cannot…
CALL TO OBEDIENCE
To obey means doing what you are told to do. Therefore obedience means doing what you are told to do. It is to comply with the rules and regulations at home and at school, and with the laws in the…
CALL TO FREEDOM
Freedom means liberty, emancipation, independence or self-determination. It has to do with liberating or delivering people from slavery, oppression or foreign or colonial domination. In the Bible, God called Moses to liberate the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. In the…
FAMILY CRISIS
When changes occur in the family, they affect all members of the family. Family relationships, goals, values and those things necessary for the existence of the family are often affected by the changes. At the time of such changes, effort…
FAMILY CONFLICTS
Conflicts occur between friends, family members, classmates, co-workers, etc. Conflicts are common and usual. Everyone argues with some one from time to time. Conflicts are not always bad. Through conflicts people settle disagreements and move toward better action. In this…
Study Guide
